Mix & Flow Major Unit Test Flashcards
What is Density? What is a property of density?
Density is the ratio of mass to volume. Solids are always more dense than liquids and gases.
What is the formula for Density?
Mass / Volume = Density
What is the formula for Mass?
Density X Volume = Mass
What is the formula for Volume?
Mass / Density
What is Archimedes’ Principle?
When an object is placed in water, the amount of water displaced will be the same as the volume of the object placed in.
What is Buoyancy?
The ability/tendency to float
What is the Buoyant Force?
The upwards for on an object when it is in water
What does Negatively, Positively, and Neuteraly Buoyant mean?
Positively Buoyant = Floats
Negatively Buoyant = Sinks
Neutrally Buoyant = Doesn’t float or sink.
What is Gravity?
The downward force on an object.
What are the units for Pressure, Force, and Area?
Pressure = Pascals / Pa
Force = Newtrons / N
Area = M2
What is Pressure?
Force applied to a given area
How does pressure change based on water level? How does Pressure relate to Depth?
In a body of water, the deeper you go, the more pressure increases, as the greater weight of water on top pushes down. More depth means there will be more pressure.
What is Pascal’s Law?
if pressure is applied on a liquid in an enclosed space, the same pressure will be exerted throughout all sides of the container. This occurs because the water will scatter in all directions, as water cannot be compacted.
Why can gas be compressed but liquids cannot?
Gas can be compressed as between each molecule, there is an ample amount of space to fit a particle in between, allowing the molecules to bunch up and fill those gaps. When working with liquids, there isn’t enough space between each molecule to fit another molecule, this leads the liquid molecules to frantically scatter around, trying to find a location to stay.
What would happen if a liquid was attempted to be compressed?
The liquid molecules would scatter, traveling in all directions.
How can compression build up pressure?
When compression is applied to water, it can cause the water to travel and apply that same pressure to another area.
For example, there are 2 pistons, one big and one small, and both are filled with water and connected. If the water in piston 1 was attempted to be compressed, then, the water would travel from piston 1 to piston 2, creating an upward pressure that can be used to lift heavy objects.
What are the main points of the Particle Model Of Matter?
-Particles are always moving
-All matter is made up of tiny particles
-Particles are held together by forces of attraction
-Particles have spaces between them
-As temperature increases, molecules move faster
Pure Substance
A substance made up of only one type of particle
Homogeneous Mixture
Also called solutions, are mixtures where the different substances combined aren’t visible
Heterogeneous Mixture
Mixture where the substances used are easily distinguishable.
Solubility
The ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent
Solvent
A substance that dissolves other substances
Solute
A substance that gets dissolved
Saturated Solution
A homogeneous mixture where the solvent has dissolved the maximum amount of solute possible.
Unsaturated Solution
A solution where the solvent doesn’t contain the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve.
Insoluble
Doesn’t dissolve
Soluble
The ability to dissolve in a solvent
Ways to dissolve solute faster:
-Shake the mixture
-Stir the mixture
-Heat up the solvent
Concentration Notes
-The more solute there is, the more concentration there is
-More solute means that there are more particles
Supersaturated
A solution with excessive solute, to the point where the solvent can no longer dissolve it.
How does the viscosity of a liquid impact its flow rate?
The more viscus a liquid is, the more dense it is, meaning that the particles are smaller and closer together, causing the liquid to flow slower. It is the opposite for liquids that flow fast.
How to Calculate the Volume of an Irregular Shape?
To calculate the volume of an irregular shape, you could break the shape into smaller shapes that are regular, then you could calculate the volume of all of those shapes and add them up. For example, using triangles to calculate the volume of a hexagon.
Why do solids always have a higher density than liquids for gases?
In solids, the particles are always closely packed together, which is also why solids cannot be compressed.
What are the measurements for liquids and solids?
Solids = Grams per centimeter cubed
Liquids = Grams per milliliter
What are the particles like in a low-density substance vs a high-density substance?
Low Density = Larger particles that are more spread apart
High Density = Smaller particles that are closer together-
Why do dense substances sink, while less dense substances float?
This is because if the density of the object is lower than the fluid it is in then, the force of gravity on that substance will overcome the buoyant force of the liquid, causing it to sink. Once the object meets a liquid that is more dense than it, the object will float on top of the surface of that liquid.
How are Buoyancy and Density related?
If a substance is less dense than the liquid it is placed in, then the object will be buoyant and float. Burt if the object were more dense, then the object would sink.
What are the formulas for Pressure, Force, and Area?
Pressure = Force / Area
Area = Force / Pressure
Force = Pressure X Area
What are Hydraulics and Pneumatics?
Hydraulics: Water in an enclosed space Ex. Jacks
Pneumatics: Air in an enclosed space Ex. Condensed Air Spray Can
Using Archimedes Principle, how can u determine if an object will sink to float?
Using the principle, if the weight of the water displaced is greater than the weight of the object, then it will float.
How is the Plimsoll line used?
The plimsoll line is used to determine how heavily a ship can be loaded in different water environments while still being able to float. it also shows the maximum depth a boat can be immersed in water before it is a safety hazard.
