Mix and Flow of Matter Flashcards
Compressed gasses
Flammable and combustible material
Oxidizing material
Poisonous and infectious materials
Division 1: Immiediate and toxic effects
Poisonous and Infectious materials -
Division 2 - materials causing other toxic effects
Biohazard
Corrosive
Reactive
name the 3 states of matter
solid
liquid
gas
pure substance
a material that contains only one kind of particle
(examples: hydrogen, carbon, diamond)
solute
a substance that disolves in a solvent
solvent
a substance that dissolves a solute to form a solution
concentration
the varying degrees of the amount of solute in a solvent
solubility
the mass of a solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent
to form a saturated solution at a given temperature
Particle Model of Matter
all matter is made up of tiny particles (atoms and molecules)
these particles are constantly moving
have big spaces between them
held together by strong attractive forces
each pure substance has unique particles
properties of fluids
any substance the flows
(includes liquids and gasses)
solids
the state of matter in which a substance has a definite shape and volume
pressure
a force acting perpendicular
to a certain surface area
Use the Particle Theory of Matter to explain:
temperature on viscosity of liquids
As temp increases, particles move faster and bonds break causing
materials to flow more easily, making the viscosity less
Use the Particle Theory of Matter to explain:
temperature on viscosity of gasses
As temperature increases, particles move faster which means the free gas particles are more likely to collide, which makes harder to flow wich makes viscosity more
Use the Particle Theory of Matter to explain:
temperature on density
As temp increases, particles move dfaster and bonds break
between particles, causing them to move further apart.
This makes the material less dense.
Describe the amount of movement particles have in:
- solids
- liquids
- gasses
solids: just vibrating
liquids: moving freely, sliding past each other
gases: moving at random, quickly and bouncing off each other
Draw a diagram of the “chart” of each type of matter…
starting with Matter at the top
..
homogeneous mixture
looks like only one substance
Particles are intermingled (mixed)
heterogeneous mixture
looks like 2 or more different substance mixed together
particles are clumped together
mechanical mixture
mixtures that are obviously heterogeneous
suspension
a heterogeneous mixture in which
particles settle slowly after mixing
colloid
a heterogeneous mixture in which
particles do not settle
How can you tell if a sample of matter is a pure substance?
it contains only one kind of particle
How can you tell if a sample of matter is a suspension?
if particles settle slowly after mixing
Describe ways to separate mixtures
picking out with tongs
filtration
floatation
magnetism
settling (or sedimentation)
evaporation
distillation
What is meant when we say a solution is:
- unsaturated?
- saturated?
Unsaturated: more solute will be able to dissolve at a given temperature
Saturated: No more solute will be able to dissolve at a given temperature.
name 3 ways to increase solubility
increase the temperature or heat
increase surface area
increase agitation or stirring
how can you increase the rate at which substances flow through a pipe?
make the pipes diameter larger
increase the temperature
Do less dense materials float or sink?
float
What do you use in an experiment to measure:
a) mass
b) volume
c) buoyant force
(and what is the formula for calculating buoyant force of a liquid
a) spring scale
b) measuring cylinder or overflow can (which uses displacement)
c) spring scale
bouyant force = weight in air - weight in liquid
What is the formula for density?
Density = mass/volume
Why do bodies of water with more salt have a greater buoyant force?
Because they have more particles pushing up on the submerged object.
Why can gasses be compressed more easily than solids or liquids?
because there are larger spaces between the particles
Describe Pascal’s law
a law stating that when pressure is exerted on one part of a fluid, the same pressure is transmitted unchanged to all parts of the fluid, no matter what the shape of the container holding the fluid
You have a substance that is 58 g and displaces 29ml of water.
What is the density of the substance?
152g/ml
2g
152 ml
2g/ml
2g/ml
solid
state of matter in which a substance has a
definite shape and a definite volume
liquid
the state of matter in which substances have a
definite volume but no definite shape (water)
gas
the state of matter in which a substance has
neither a definite shape nor a definite volume (water vapour)
pure substance
a material that contains only one kid of particle
can be an element or a compound
properties
characteristics that describe matter
mixture
a combination of two or more pure substances such as that each one’s
properties are not lost but may be hidden
solution
a homogeneous mixture of two or more pure substances
agitation
stirring or shaking
saturated solution
a solution in which no more solute will disolve in a
specific amount of solvent at a specific temperature
unsaturated solution
solution in which more of a solute could dissolve in a specific amount of solvent at the same temperature
supersaturated
a solution that contains more solute than would normally dissolve at a certain temperature
insoluble
not able to be dissolved in a particular substance
viscosity
the measure of how fast a fluid will flow.
the thickness or thinness of a fluid.
flow rate
the volume of fluid that passes a point
in a pipe or tube in a certain amount of time
mass
the amount of matter in a substance
often measured with a balance
volume
the measurement of the amount of space occupied by a substance;
measured in litres or cubic units such as cubic centimeters
density
the amount of mass in a certain unit volume of a substance
density = mass divided by volume
weight
the force of gravity exerted on a mass
force
a push or pull, or anything that causes a change in motion of an object
buoyancy
the tendency to rise or float in a fluid
buoyant force
the upward force exerted on objects submerged in or floating on a fluid
average density
the total mass of an object divided by the total volume
saturation points
emulsion
a mixture in which droplets of fat are prevented
from joining together by an emulsifying agent
dissolving
breaking up;
forming a solution by mixing two or more materials together
Archimedes’ principle
a scientific principle stating that the buoyant force
acting on a submerged object equals the
weight of the fluid displaced by the object
hydrometer
an instrument designed to
meausure the density of a liquid
Pascal (PA)
Pascal
a unit for pressure;
newtons per square metre (N/m2)
kilopascal (kPa)
a unit of pressure equal to 1000 pascals
hydraulic system
a device that transmits an applied force through a liquid
to move something else by means of pressure
pneumatic system
a system in which a gas, such as air, transmits
a force exerted on the gas in an enclosed space
barometer
the most common device for measuring
air pressure
