Cells and Systems Flashcards
organisms
living system, such as an animal, plant or bacteria
tissues, organs, systems (levels of organization)
cells –> tissues –> organ –> organ system –> multicellular organism
Name the different “systems”
digestive
nervous
respiratory
circulatory
excretory
basic formula for WORK
Work = Force (N) x Distance (m) = Nm = J
Speed ratio formula
number of driver gear teeth (force applied)
—————————————————————————
number of driven gear teeth (force transferred)
efficiency
work output
—————————————
work input
x 100%
pressure
Force (Newtons) N/M2=Pascal 1000Pa=1Kpa
——————————
Area (m2)
Remember these converions:
1 Kg = ?
100 g = ?
1000 g = ?
1000 ml = ?
1 Kg = 10 N
100 g = 1 N
1000 g = 1 Kg
1000 ml = 1 L
What are the 5 main characteristics that define a living organism
(remember GRREW)
G.R.R.E.W
G = grow
R = reproduce
R = respond to their environment
E = need Energy
W = create Waste
what is the “cell theory?”
All living things are made of of one or more cell(s).
No living things can have less than one cell.
Explain how cells make up an organism
Cells group together to form tissues
tissues group together to form organs
organs work together to form organ systems
(this makes up a multicullular organism)
what are organelles
cell parts
(example: mitochondria, cell membrane, etc)
How can you tell the difference between a plant and animal cell?
plant cells have larger vacuoles
plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts
Describe the function/description of each organelle:
- Cell membrane
surrounds and protects the contents of the cell
controls what enters and leaves the cell
Describe the function/description of each organelle:
- nucleus
controls the cells activities
contains genetic information from both parents
Describe the function/description of each organelle:
- vacuole
storage place for food, water and waste
larger in plant cells
Describe the function/description of each organelle:
- mitochondria
provides the cell with energy
Describe the function/description of each organelle:
- cytoplasm
jelly-like substance
provides structure to the cell
many cell activities occur here
Describe the function/description of each organelle:
- cell wall
provides the cell with structure
found only in PLANT cells
Describe the function/description of each organelle:
- chloroplast
makes food for the cell through photosynthesis
found only in PLANT cells
What term is used to move substances through a cell membrane?
diffusion - from areas of greater concentration to areas of lower concentration
(if talking about water, we say “osmosis”)
what are the two types of vascular tissues in a plant
what do they carry?
Xylem - carries water and minerals from the roots to the leaves
Phloem - carries sugars from the leaves, down to the rest of the plant
what is transpiration?
the loss of water from a plant through evaporation
The air enters the lungs first by the way of:
a) alveoli
b) bronchi
c) bronchioles
d) capillaries
b) bronchi
The trachea is to the esophagus as ________ is to _________
a) air, water
b) soda pop
c) clean air
d) stainless steel
a) air, water
