Cells and Systems

Question 1

organisms

Answer 1

living system, such as an animal, plant or bacteria

Question 2

tissues, organs, systems (levels of organization)

Answer 2

cells –> tissues –> organ –> organ system –> multicellular organism

Question 3

Name the different “systems”

Answer 3

digestive

nervous

respiratory

circulatory

excretory

Question 4

basic formula for WORK

Answer 4

Work = Force (N) x Distance (m) = Nm = J

Question 5

Speed ratio formula

Answer 5

number of driver gear teeth (force applied)

—————————————————————————

number of driven gear teeth (force transferred)

Question 6

efficiency

Answer 6

work output

—————————————

work input

x 100%

Question 7

pressure

Answer 7

Force (Newtons) N/M2=Pascal 1000Pa=1Kpa

——————————

Area (m2)

Question 8

Remember these converions:

1 Kg = ?

100 g = ?

1000 g = ?

1000 ml = ?

Answer 8

1 Kg = 10 N

100 g = 1 N

1000 g = 1 Kg

1000 ml = 1 L

Question 9

What are the 5 main characteristics that define a living organism

(remember GRREW)

Answer 9

G.R.R.E.W

G = grow

R = reproduce

R = respond to their environment

E = need Energy

W = create Waste

Question 10

what is the “cell theory?”

Answer 10

All living things are made of of one or more cell(s).

No living things can have less than one cell.

Question 11

Explain how cells make up an organism

Answer 11

Cells group together to form tissues

tissues group together to form organs

organs work together to form organ systems

(this makes up a multicullular organism)

Question 12

what are organelles

Answer 12

cell parts

(example: mitochondria, cell membrane, etc)

Question 13

How can you tell the difference between a plant and animal cell?

Answer 13

plant cells have larger vacuoles

plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts

Question 14

Describe the function/description of each organelle:

• Cell membrane

Answer 14

surrounds and protects the contents of the cell

controls what enters and leaves the cell

Question 15

Describe the function/description of each organelle:

• nucleus

Answer 15

controls the cells activities

contains genetic information from both parents

Question 16

Describe the function/description of each organelle:

• vacuole

Answer 16

storage place for food, water and waste

larger in plant cells

Question 17

Describe the function/description of each organelle:

• mitochondria

Answer 17

provides the cell with energy

Question 18

Describe the function/description of each organelle:

• cytoplasm

Answer 18

jelly-like substance

provides structure to the cell

many cell activities occur here

Question 19

Describe the function/description of each organelle:

• cell wall

Answer 19

provides the cell with structure

found only in PLANT cells

Question 20

Describe the function/description of each organelle:

• chloroplast

Answer 20

makes food for the cell through photosynthesis

found only in PLANT cells

Question 21

What term is used to move substances through a cell membrane?

Answer 21

diffusion - from areas of greater concentration to areas of lower concentration

(if talking about water, we say “osmosis”)

Question 22

what are the two types of vascular tissues in a plant

what do they carry?

Answer 22

Xylem - carries water and minerals from the roots to the leaves

Phloem - carries sugars from the leaves, down to the rest of the plant

Question 23

what is transpiration?

Answer 23

the loss of water from a plant through evaporation

Question 24

The air enters the lungs first by the way of:

a) alveoli
b) bronchi
c) bronchioles
d) capillaries

Answer 24

b) bronchi

Question 25

The trachea is to the esophagus as ________ is to _________

a) air, water
b) soda pop
c) clean air
d) stainless steel

Answer 25

a) air, water