Light and Optical Systems Flashcards

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1
Q

name the 2 types of light

A

natural (sun, fire, bioluminescent)

artificial (LED, fluorescent, incandescent, phosphorescenct, chemiluminescent

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2
Q

ray model of light

A

(an explanation based on observation of how light behaves)

light travels in straight lines

a “ray” is a straight line that represents the path of a beam of light

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3
Q

law of reflection

A

the angle of incident is the same as the angle of reflection and same with the incident ray and reflection ray

angle of incidence = angle of reflection

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4
Q

Two characteristics that make telescopes useful for observing the skies are their ability to:

a) separate and magnify light
b) magnify and collect light
c) collect and separate light
d) magnify and clarify light

A

b) magnify and collect light

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5
Q

The difference between a convex lens and a concave lens is:

a) convex lenses are thicker in the middle
b) concave lenses are thicker in the middle
c) convex lenses spread out light rays
d) concave lenses concentrate the light

A

a) convex lenses are thicker in the middle

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6
Q

plane mirror

A

reflection

same size, same distance, virtual image

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7
Q

A plane mirror has a(n):

a) curved surface
b) focal point
c) ability to bend light
d) flat surface

A

d) flat surface

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8
Q

A concave mirror reflects rays so that they:

a) converge to focal point
b) diverge and spread out
c) reflect and converge to a focal point
d) reflect and diverge or spread out

A

c) reflect and converge to a focal point

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9
Q

name the 5 sources of light

A

fluorescent

incandescent

phosphorescent

chemiluminescent

bioluminescent

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10
Q

fluorescent light?

A

UV radiation

coating glows and produces light

more expensive and difficult to dispose of

phosphor coating and mercury vapor are toxic

ultraviolet light energy –> energy absorbed by particles –> visible light energy

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11
Q

incandescent light?

A

So hot it glows

(candle, light bulb)

electrical energy –> thermal energy –> visible light energy

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12
Q

phosphorescent light?

A

radiation

(inner surface of TV and computer screens)

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13
Q

chemiluminescent light?

A

chemical reactions

(glow sticks)

chemical energy –> visible light energy

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14
Q

bioluminescent light?

A

chemical reactions within animal bodies

(fungi, fireflies, fish)

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15
Q

LED

A

Light Emitting Diode

Electricity

very efficient

long lasting

expensive

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16
Q

Name 3 types of materials

A

Transparent - light passes through (air, water)

Translucent - some rays bounce back and some go through (paper)

Opaque - materials that totally block the light and cast shadows (books, desk)

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17
Q

luminous

A

produces (or emits) light

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18
Q

convex mirrors

A

convex: (lens curves outward)

small / far away

reflects rays so that they reflect and diverge or spread out

car mirror/securit

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19
Q

concave mirrors

A

concave: (lens curves inward)

big or upside down

(makeup mirror)

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20
Q

THE EYE: ciliary muscle

A

changes shape to focus

21
Q

THE EYE: lens

A

focuses light

the more CONVEX (fat) the lens is, the more rays are refracted

22
Q

THE EYE: iris

A

the coloured part

controls the amount of light

23
Q

THE EYE: pupil

A

opening for light

24
Q

THE EYE: cornea

A

helps focus

the transparent front part of the eye that covers the
iris, pupil, and anterior chamber

25
Q

THE EYE: optic nerve

A

sends message to the brain

26
Q

THE EYE: Sclera

A

protective outer layer

the white part

27
Q

THE EYE: blind spot

A

the point where the optic nerve enters the retina

has no light-sensing cells

28
Q

THE EYE: vitreous humour

A

keeps shape of eye, clear

29
Q

THE EYE: aqueous humour

A

holds shape of front of eye

30
Q

THE EYE: retina (including rods and cones)

A

light sensitive cells capture image

31
Q

THE EYE: near-sighted

what type of lens corrects this?

A

the image falls short of the retina

vision corrected with concave lens

(eye has longer shape than normal eye)

32
Q

THE EYE: far sighted

what type of lens corrects this?

A

the image falls behind the retina

vision corrected with convex lens

(eye has shorter shape than normal eye)

33
Q

gamma rays

A

shortest wave length and highest frequency waves

(nuclear, radiation, cancer treatment)

34
Q

x-rays

A

short wave length and
capable of penetrating solids

(electromagnetic radiation)

35
Q

ultra-violet (UV) radiation

A

wavelengths of 200 nm beyond violet light
in the electromagnetic spectrum

causes tanning

nm = nanometer

36
Q

visible light

A

wave length we can see

light we can see

37
Q

infra-red

A

heat radiation

anything that is warmer than its surroundings emits infra-red rays

longer wave-length than visible

38
Q

microwaves

A

longer wave-length than infrared

(microwaves, radar)

39
Q

THE EYE: wavelength

A

distance from crest to crest or trough to trough

40
Q

electromagnetic spectrum

A

Radio waves

Microwaves

Infrared waves

Visible light

Ultraviolet rays

X-rays

Gamma rays

41
Q

frequency

A

number of waves that pass a point in one second

high frequency = short wavelength

low frequency = long wavelength

42
Q

amplitude

A

height of the wave

43
Q

EMR: electromagnetic radiation

A

visible light energy

radiant energy

44
Q

refracting telescope

A

a telescope having a convex lens to collect and focus light from a distant object and an eyepiece lens to magnify the image

45
Q

reflecting telescope

A

a telescope having a concave mirror to collect
rays of light from a distanct object

46
Q

prisms in binoculars

A

.

47
Q

remote sensing technology

A

getting information about an object without making physical contact

(such as the Hubble Space Telescope)

48
Q

when looking at a fish tank you notice that your
goldfish is not where it appears to be

the apparent position of the fish is due to the fact that,
as light travels from the water to the air, it bends:

A

AWAY from the normal