Mechanical Systems Flashcards

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1
Q

simple machines (name 5)

A

inclined plane, gears, wheel and axle, pulley, levers

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2
Q

inclined plane

A

a ramp or slope for reducing
the force needed to lift something

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3
Q

gears

A

a rotating wheel-like device with teeth around its rim

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4
Q

wheel and axle

A

a machine consisting of two turning objects
attached to each other at their centres.

One object causes the other to turn.

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5
Q

hydraulics

A

the study of pressure in liquids

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6
Q

pneumatics

A

the study of pressure in gases

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7
Q

pulley

A

a wheel with a grooved rim to guide a rope or
chain that runs along the groove;

used to transmit or change direction of force

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8
Q

Lever

A

a machine consisting of a bar that is free to rotate around a fixed point, changing the amount of force that must be exerted to move an object

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9
Q

how do machines impact people and society

A

..

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10
Q

What relationship is there between the
piston and the wheel of the device?

A

the piston transmits kinetic energy to the wheel

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11
Q

What is a subsystem?

A

a simple machine that is part of a larger system

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12
Q

screw

A
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13
Q

wedge

A

..

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14
Q

mechanical advantage formula (force)

A

mechanical advantage =

Load force
———————
Effort force

or

MA=FL/FE

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15
Q

mechanical advantage formula (for levers)

A

MA levers =

Length of force arm
———————————
Length of load arm

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16
Q

mechanical advantage formula (for wheel and axle)

A

MA wheel and axle =

Radius of force arm
———————————
Radius of load arm

17
Q

fulcrum

A

the point of a lever that DOES NOT move

18
Q

effort arm

A

in a lever,
the distance between the fulcrum and the effort force

19
Q

load arm

A

in a lever,
the distance from the load to the fulcrum

20
Q

class ONE lever

A

a lever in which the fulcrum is
between the effort and the load

(teetertotter)

21
Q

class TWO lever

A

a lever in which the load is between the
fulcrum and the effort

(bottle opener)

22
Q

class THREE lever

A

a lever in which the effort is applied between
the fulcrum and the load

(tweezers)

23
Q

effort force

A

the force supplied to any
machine to produce an action

24
Q

load

A

the weight of an object that is moved or lifted by a machine, or the resistance to movement that a machine must overcome

25
Q

work

A

the transfer of energy through motion

WORK = force x distance

26
Q

joules

A

a unit used to measure energy or work;

1J = a force of 1N moving through 1m

27
Q

work input

work output

A

..

28
Q

mechanical advantage

A

the ratio of the force produced by a machine or system (the load) to the force applied to the machine or system (the effort force)

29
Q

speed

A

the rate of motion,
or the rate at which an object changes its position

30
Q

force

A

a push or pull on anything that causes
a change in the motion of an object

The unit for measuring force is the NEWTON

31
Q

area

A

the amount of surface;
measured in square unit such as cm2

32
Q

pressure

A

the force acting perpendicular
to a certain surface area

33
Q

Pascal’s law

A

a law stating that when pressure is exerted on one part of a fluid, the same pressure is transmitted unchanged to all parts of the fluid, no matter what the shape of the container holding the fluid

34
Q

winch

A

a machine consisting of a small cylinder, a crank or handle,
and a cable, used for lifting and pulling

35
Q

radius

A

the distance in a straight line from the centre of a circle
to the circle’s circumference (outer boundary)

36
Q

friction

A

the force resisting the relative motion of solid surfaces,
fluid layers, and material elements sliding against each other

a machine can never be 100% efficient
because there is always friction

37
Q

efficiency

A

a measure of how much input work (effort)
is transferred into output work (load)

Efficiency = Work Output work (J)
——​—​—​—​—​—​—​—​—​—

Work Input Work (J)

38
Q

Law of Conservation of Energy

A

energy is never created or destroyed

it is only transformed from one form to another

sometimes energy is lost to friction, heat or sound

39
Q

If a machine gives a force advantage, then the effort force….

A

is less than the load force