mix Flashcards
painless mas que drena pus en mandibula + previous dental work + bacilos filamentosos Gram positivos
dx? tx?
Actinomyces
tx
amoxicilina, si hay alergia usar doxicilina o clindamicina
causa #1 de metatasis osteoBlastica ?
Prostata cancer
In most patients with metastatic prostate cancer, the digital rectal examination (DRE) reveals asymmetric areas, indurations, or frank nodules within the prostate, but the absence of findings on DRE alone does not exclude prostate cancer.
importante: osteoBlastica (aka esclerotica) significa formacion de hueso nuevo, mientras q osteoClatica (vista en mieloma multiple por ejemplo) se ven como huecos por destrucción de hueso
tincion Plata de Metenamina +
patogeno?
Pneumocystis jirovecii
Clusters of nonpainful raised, rough-textured genital lesions that whiten after application of acetic acid
dx? causa etiológica?
condylomata acuminata,
etiologia: virus papiloma humano 6 y 11 (se presentan con: condiloma acuminata aka verrugas anogenitales y coilocitos -tipo de celula-)
WHITEN AFTER APPLICATION OF ACETIC ACID
cupping of the optic nerve+raised intraocular pressure+narrowing of visual fields bilaterally
dx?
glaucoma angulo abierto
antibiotico Cloranfenicol, tiene como efectos adversos?
Pancitopenia
Aplastic anemia
gray baby syndrome
tx gas gangrene?
pip/tazo + clindamicina
enfermedad aranazo de gato
tx inmunocompetente?
tx inmunocomprometido?
tx
inmunocompetente: azitromicina
inmunocomprometido: eritromicina o doxiciclina
biopsia: granulomas estrellado
reynauds phenomenon primario
tx?
nifedipina oral o algun otro bloqueador canal de calcio due to vasodilatory effect
Nailfold capillary microscopy can help distinguish primary RP from secondary disease. While primary RP is caused by idiopathic vasospasms of the digital arteries and arterioles and is not associated with vascular changes seen on nailfold capillary microscopy, patients with secondary RP typically have structural vascular changes caused by the underlying disease (e.g., systemic sclerosis), such as enlargement and/or loss of capillaries.
Prophylactic antimicrobial therapy for patients with chronic granulomatous disease?
TMP-SMX and itraconazole
biopsia de piel: células fusiformes e infiltrado linfocítico
dx, tx?
kaposi sarcoma
tx: interferon alfa
What is the most important prognostic factor in predicting melanoma metastasis?
Depth of invasion (Breslow thickness)
lyme
cual es el screening y cual es el confirmatorio
elisa: screening
western bloc: confirmation
carcinoma de colon
signo radiologico y donde es mas comun verlo?
signo de la mordedura de manzana
sigmoids
Uterosacral ligament nodularity
dx?
endometriosis
pt con AIDS + acid fast bacilli+ dolor de estomago/diarrea
dx? tx?
Mycobacterium avium complex infection
azitromicina o claritromicina + etambutol
en que momento se hace el swab rectovaginal para group B estreptococo en embarazada?
36-38 s
What pharmaceutical therapy is recommended for prophylaxis of non-bleeding esophageal varices?
Non-selective β-blockers (e.g. propranolol, nadolol)
What is the likely causative organism in a male that presents with dysuria, urinary frequency, and mucopurulent discharge? Gram stain and urine culture are negative
oatigeno y tx?
Chlamydia trachomatis
tx:
Doxicilina 7 dias
azitromicina VO una dosis
azitromicina es el tx en embarazo también
What is the likely diagnosis in a multiparous woman presenting with palpable, tender mass on the anterior vaginal wall & postvoid dribbling, dysuria, and dyspareunia?
patologia y metodo dx?
Urethral diverticulum}}
dx: MRI pelvis
a painless penile lesion followed by suppurative lymphadenopathy 2–4 weeks after the initial lesion has healed
dx?
lymphogranuloma venereum
causada x Chlamydia L1-L3
tx: doxiclina/azitro
alcohol withdrawal delirium
tx?
benzodiazepines IV
ocurre 72-96 horas después de abrupt alcohol cessation
sx: sympathetic overstimulation+altered mental status+hallucinations
methylmalonic acid levels
usado para? como esta en cada uno?
usado para distinguir entre causas de anemia megaloblastica
Acido folio: metilmalonico NORMAL+homocisteína aumentada
b12 deficiente: metilmalonico AUMENTADO+homocisteina aumentada
con que se tiene que dar el metrotexate oara prevenir mielosupresion?
LEUCOVORINA (replenishes folate levels and therefore prevents the development of myelosuppression in patients receiving metrotexate, trimpetropim,
pirimetamina (usado en toxoplasmosis))
What type of anemia results from methotrexate use? Megaloblastic (macrocytic) anemia
Methotrexate can result in pulmonary fibrosis and ultimately restrictive lung disease
improve exercise tolerance and reduce the frequency of anginal episodes in patients with stable angina
que medicamento es?
Atenolol
Like other β-blockers, atenolol relieves anginal pain by decreasing heart rate and cardiac contractility, which reduces myocardial oxygen demand
metodo confirmatorio de endometriosis y como se ve?
laparoscopia muestra lesiones rojo-azuladas.
//////////////
extra: en ultrasonido se puede ver quistes ováricos de chocolate
también se puede ver nodularidad de ligamento uterosacro
triada de vasospastic angina (Prinzmetal angina)
reversible ST elevations,
normal troponin levels
cardiac angiography showing ≤ 30% coronary artery blockage
Vasospastic (Prinzmetal) angina is associated with Raynaud’s and migraine; they all involve hyperactivity of smooth muscle
como esta la eritropoyetina en policitemia vera?
decreased
asymmetric patchy loss of vibration sensation and proprioception, and features of sensory ataxia.
dx y anticuerpos?
dx: small cell lung cancer
anti-Hu antibody
cuando se considera rompimiento prematuro de membranas?
before 37 weeks’ gestation
greatest risk of testorsterone therapy?
eritrocitosis que puede llevar a trombos
quien secreta la hCG?
sincitiotrofoblastos
dx de Acute limb ischemia?
Angiografía por Sustracción Digital is the best confirmatory test to diagnose acute limb ischemia
6 Ps: pain, pallor, pulselessness, paralysis, paresthesia, and poikilothermia.
como los nitrates mejoran el dolor de angina?
venous vasodilation
decreased end-diastolic pressure decreased preload
improved myocardial perfusion
What hematologic pathology is characterized by normocytic anemia with a low reticulocyte count in preterm infants?
Impaired production of erythropoietin (EPO) leads to of anemia of prematurity
