intoxicaciones (general) Flashcards
acute iron poisoning
deferoxamine
deferasirox
acetaminofen, antidoto?
n-acetilcisteina
benzodiazepinas, antidoto?
flumazenil
flumazenil is only used to treat benzodiazepine toxicity in patients who are benzodiazepine-naive or have severe respiratory depression.
B bloqueador, antidoto?
glucagon
opioide antidoto?
nalaxona
antidepresivo triciclico, antidoto?
bicarbonato de sodio
sodium bicarbonate is only indicated in patients with TCA toxicity with QRS interval > 100 ms or ventricular arrhythmias
sindrome anticolinergico
como se manifiesta y antidoto?
se manifiesta como una exacerbacion del simpatico
antidoto: Fisostigmina
NO dar si hay sobredosis de antidepresivo triciciclo porq puede causar paro
sintomas:
“Blind as a bat (mydriasis), mad as a hatter (delirium), red as a beet (flushing), hot as a hare (hyperthermia), dry as a bone (decreased secretions and dry skin), the bowel and bladder lose their tone (urinary retention and paralytic ileus), and the heart runs alone (tachycardia).”
sindrome serotoninergico, tx?
Cyproheptadine
anticholinergic toxicity tx
Physostigmine
sx +++simpatico
caused by muscarinic antagonists (e.g., atropine, scopolamine, Ddiferidraminca, antidepresivos triciclicos, atropina)
sindrome colinergico
tx y sx?
Pralidoxima+Atropina
sx: DUMBBELLS»_space;> +++parasimpatico
Diarrea
Urination
Miosis (pupilas chiquitas)
Broncoespasmo
Bradicardia
Emesis
Lacrimation
Lethargy
Sweating
aspirina, antidoto?
bicarbonato de sodio
tinnitus, nausea, vomiting, tachypnea, and respiratory alkalosis (early) or increased anion gap metabolic acidosis (late). Can lead to nephrotoxicity because salicylates are excreted renally.
Etilenglicol, antidoto?
tx? sx? que se ve en orina?
fomepizol o etanol
sx:
Hipocalcemia
CRISTALES DE OXALATO DE CALCIO (muy especifico de esta intoxicación)
Metabolic acidosis high anion gap
altered mental status
Orina: CRISTALES DE OXALATO DE CALCIO (muy especifico de esta intoxicación)
methanol poisoning (home made liquor)
antidoto?
que trastorno acido base es visto en intoxicacion con etanol?
Respuesta: Fomepizol
FOMEPIZOL: metanol y ethylene glycol (antifreeze) poisoning
Hemodialysis is also required to increase the rate of elimination of methanol in patients with renal failure, and those with severe cases of methanol poisoning (e.g., patients with loss of vision, persistent anion gap metabolic acidosis).
Acido base: metabolic acidosis with an elevated anion gap and elevated osmolar gap,
cherry-red skin tone
dx tx?
dx: intoxicacion con co2 (carboxihemoglobina)
tx: 100% oxigeno
Gastrointestinal symptoms (abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), CNS stimulation (anxiety), sympathetic hyperactivity (mydriasis, tachycardia, hypertension), and flu-like symptoms (diaphoresis, piloerection)
dx? tx?
dx: opioid withdrawal.
tx: metadona
antidoto warfarin?
Administer prothrombin complex concentrate and vitamin K
Administration of vitamin K alone would be insufficient, as it takes hours to days to produce further coagulation factors and take full effect. Additional administration of prothrombin complex concentrate is therefore indicated as it replaces those coagulation factors needed to immediately establish sufficient coagulation for surgery.
