mitrocondria

Question 1

definition

Answer 1

-the energy making centre

Question 2

function

Answer 2

•cell signalling •cell differentiating •cell death •cell cycle and growth

Question 3

mitrocondrial localisation

Answer 3

•in all aerobic eukaryotic cells •clustered in regions of greater metabolic activity -sperm and cardiac

Question 4

reminder

Answer 4

be able to name ATP

Question 5

Endosymbiotic theory

Answer 5

they were independent, been engulfed by eukaryotic cekuk- survived as they were useful by suppling energy

Question 6

evidence of endosymbiotic theory

Answer 6

•contains organelles •ribosomes •independent genomes

Question 7

outer membrane

Answer 7

•encloses entire organelles •porins- integral proteins •larger proteins can enter I they have a signalling sequence to start active transport- translocate •disruption to the our membrane allows proteins to leak int the cytosol- leads to cell death

Question 8

porins

Answer 8

intergal proteins

Question 9

intermmebrane space

Answer 9

•contains ions and sugar •freely permeable •active transport is needed for proteins •1 protein localised to the intermmebrane space is cytochrome-C part of the electron transport chain

Question 10

inner membrane (proteins)

Answer 10

•redox reaction- oxidative phosphorylation •ATP synthase- ATP made in matrix • specific transport proteins relate passage in and out of matrix •protein import machinary •no poins- and s highly impermeable to all molecules

Question 11

ATP synthase

Answer 11

•adp +pi= ATP •10+causes it to spin •protons (H+) moving down an electrochemical gradient from inter- member space–> matrix

Question 12

inner membrane

Answer 12

3:1 protein:phospholipds •rich in phospholipid called cardiolipin • almost all ions and molecules require special membrane transporters to enter or leave

Question 13

cristae

Answer 13

•increasingly SA •liver- 5x more •enhances ability to produce ATP •more cristae in more demanding mitochondria

Question 14

matrix

Answer 14

•lots of enzymes •makes own proteins •tRNA •Krebs cycle

Question 15

origin of mitrocondrial DNA

Answer 15

maternal

Question 16

diseases

Answer 16

•effects high energy organs • blind, death, seizures •muscle weakness, ageing • most defects come from paternal DNA that hasn’t been broken down

Question 17

ruction of outer membrane

Answer 17

•phospholipid synthesis •fatty acid desaturation • fatty acid elongation

Question 18

function of inner membrane

Answer 18

•electron transport •oxidative phosphorylation

Question 19

function of matrix

Answer 19

•pyruvate oxidation •Krebs cycle •DNA replication