Mitral Stenosis Flashcards
what are the causes of MS?
Essentially rheumatic cause
rarely congenital
what happens in rheumatic causes?
get an immune complex forming, leading to inflammation of the valve. You get stiffening and thickening
rheumatic heart disease is much more common in _____-
women
The pathological process results in valve _____, cusp ___, calcium ______, a narrowed (stenotic) valve ____.
The pathological process results in valve thickening, cusp fusion, calcium deposition, a narrowed (stenotic) valve orifice.
in order for CO to be maintained the ___ _____l pressure increases and left atrial ______ and _____ occur.
in order for CO to be maintained the left atrial pressure increases and left atrial hypertrophy and dilatation occur.
what happens as a result of the increased left atrial pressure?
pulmonary venous, arterial pressure and right heart pressures also increase.
what does the increase in pulmonary pressure lead to?
pulmonary oedema
Pulmonary hypertension leads to RV ______, dilatation and ______
Pulmonary hypertension leads to RV hypertrophy, dilatation and failure
Right ventricular dilatation results in ______ regurgitation
Right ventricular dilatation results in tricuspid regurgitation
what are the symptoms of MS?
- breathlessness
- fatigue
- palpitations
- pink frothy sputum
- symptoms due to RHF
which arrhythmias commonly occur?
AF
what can AF lead to ?
systemic emboli
why do people get breathless?
because of pulmonary venous hypertension and recurrent bronchitis
what are the signs of MS?
- malar flush
- tapping apex beat
- small volume pulse
- a wave jugular vein
what sounds are heard?
- loud s1 and loud P2
- there is an opening snap
- as valve cusps become immobile there is a loud S1 and opening snap disappears
