MITOSIS VS MEIOSIS Flashcards
is a process of cell division that results
in two genetically identical daughter cells
developing from a single parent cell.
involves formation of 2 daughter cells
from a single parent cell.
is divided into four phases P, M, A, T
MITOSIS
is the division of a germ cell involving two fission of the nucleus and giving rise to four gametes, or sex cells, each
possessing half the number of chromosomes of
the original cell.
is divided into eight phases P1, M1, A1, T1, P2, M2, A2, T2
MEIOSIS
Is the “resting” or non-mitotic portion of the cell
cycle.
It is comprised of G1, S, and G2 stages of the cell
cycle.
DNA is replicated during the S phase of
this phase
INTERPHASE
the chromatin condensed to
form visible chromosomes.
Microtubules, termed spindle fibers, form to
assist in breaking the centromere between the
chromatids and move the chromosomes to
opposite sides of the cell (“the poles”)
The nuclear membrane dissolves.
Prophase
the centrioles complete their
migration to the poles.
The chromosomes align near the center of the
cell (“the equator”)
The movement of the chromosomes is regulated
by the attached spindle fibers.
Metaphase
At the beginning of this phase, the chromatids
separate.
Each of the two sets of 46 chromosomes is
moved by the spindle fibers toward the centriole
at one of the poles of the cell.
At the end of this phase, each set of
chromosomes has reached an opposite pole of
the cell, and the cytoplasm begins to divide.
ANAPHASE
the chromosomes in each of
the daughter cells become organized to form
two separate nuclei, one in each newly formed
daughter cell.
The chromosomes begin to unravel and
resemble the generic material during interphase.
Following this phase, cytoplasm division is
completed, and two separate daughter cells are
produced
TELOPHASE
marks the end of the cell cycle, it is not part of the cell division cycle.
Cytokinesis
The chromosomes condense and become
visible.
The centrioles form and move towards the
poles.
The nuclear membrane begins to dissolve.
The homologs pair up, forming tetrad.
Crossing over (XO)
Prophase I
Microtubules grow from the centrioles and
attach to the centromeres.
The TETRADS line up along the cell equator.
Metaphase I
The centromerers break and HOMOLOGOUS
chromosomes separate (note that the sister
chromatids are still attached)
Cytokinesis begins
Anaphase I
The chromosomes may decondense (depends
on species)
Cytokinesis reaches completion, creating two
haploid daughter cells.
Telophase I
Centrioles form and move toward the poles.
The nuclear membrane dissolves.
Prophase II
Microtubules grow from the centrioles and
attach to the centromeres.
The sister chromatids line up along the cell
equator.
Metaphase II
The centromeres break and sister chromatids
separate.
Cytokinesis begins.
Anaphase II
