Mitosis: Division Is Also Multiplication

Question 1

Cell division starts with ______ which has 3 subphases

Answer 1

Interphase

Question 2

3 subphases of interphase

Answer 2

G1
S
G2

Question 3

Next 4 phases of cell division

Answer 3

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

Question 4

______ are found in the different stages of cell division that monitor cell division, ensuring its smooth process

Answer 4

Checkpoints

Question 5

G stands for

Answer 5

Gap

Question 6

In ____, the cell synthesizes MRNA and proteins, which are needed for chromosome replication

Answer 6

G1

Question 7

2 checkpoints in G1

Answer 7

G1 DNA damage checkpoint
p53 proteins (TP53)

Question 8

It evaluates the dna’s integrity

Answer 8

G1 DNA damage checkpoint

Question 9

Damaged DNA results in the accumulation of p53 proteins that can trigger either _______ or _______

Answer 9

Cell cycle arrest or apoptosis

Question 10

Are tumor-suppressing proteins that help in regulating the cell cycle

Answer 10

p53 proteins (TP53)

Question 11

Refers to a process of programmed cell death

Answer 11

Apoptosis

Question 12

It evaluates the cell’s capability to undergo cell division

Answer 12

Restriction checkpoint

Question 13

If the cell is ready, it will proceed to S phase, if not, the cell goes to

Answer 13

G0

Question 14

2 cells in G0

Answer 14

Quiescent (dormant)

Senescent (aging or deteriorating)

Question 15

It may go back to cell division with proper stimulus

Answer 15

Quiescent cells

Question 16

One reason cells become senescent is due to

Answer 16

damaged DNA

Question 17

In this phase, chromosomes are replicated which means that there are twice the actual DNA now present in the cell

Answer 17

S (synthesis) phase

Question 18

Each chromosome consists of two _____, which is one copy of a newly copied chromosome

Answer 18

Chromatids

Question 19

It monitors the replication process during the S phase

Answer 19

S DNA damage checkpoint

Question 20

At this point, the cell rapidly grows and protein synthesis continues

Answer 20

G2 Phase

Question 21

It checks activities in G2 to ensure its proper flow

Answer 21

G2 DNA damage checkpoint

Question 22

It ensures that DNA synthesis is complete before proceeding to mitosis

Answer 22

Unreplicated DNA checkpoint

Question 23

The chromosomes condense and are now visible even with just using the ordinary light microscope

Answer 23

Prophase

Question 24

A chromosome consists of two sister chromatids attached to the

Answer 24

Single centromere

Question 25

In the late part of prophase, the ______ and the _______ disappear

Answer 25

Nuclear envelope and nucleolus

Question 26

A special protein complex appears at the centromere at prophase. Its function is to link the spindle fibers to the centromere

Answer 26

Kinetochore

Question 27

3 kinds of microtubles in the spindle fibers

Answer 27

Astral microtubules
Polar microtubules
Kinetochore microtubules

Question 28

A kind of microtubules that grow only near the centrosome (the structure with the centrioles)

Answer 28

Astral microtubules

Question 29

A kind of microtubules that grow away from the centrosome. These overlap ay the middle where the chromosomes are located, but they are still attached to the kinetochore

Answer 29

Polar microtubules

Question 30

A kind of microtubules that are onlu ones attached to the kinetochore

Answer 30

Kinetochore microtubules

Question 31

In metaphase, the kinetochore microtubule directs the chromosomes toward the center that is called

Answer 31

Metaphase plate or equatorial plate

Question 32

It guarantees the proper alignment of the chromosomes at the metaphase plate and prevents untimely onset of the anaphase

Answer 32

Spindle assembly checkpoint

Question 33

Twi substages in anaphase

Answer 33

Anaphase A

Anaphase B

Question 34

In anaphase _, the kinetochore microtubules of the spindle fibers separate and move the sister chromatids toward opposite poles

Answer 34

A

Question 35

In anaphase _, the polar microtubules begin to elongate, while astral microtubulea pull them on the other side.

Answer 35

B

Question 36

Is the process of dividing the cytoplasm into half. It starts at anaphase and continues to the next phase

Answer 36

Cytokinesis

Question 37

In _____, the chromosomes uncoil, and both the nucleolus and the nuclear envelope reappear

Answer 37

Telophase

Question 38

Cytokinesis, in telophase, continues with the visible appearance of the _____, a groove on the cell membrane between the poles usually observed in animal cells

Answer 38

Cleavage furrow

Question 39

In animal cells, the cleavage furrow is produced when the _______, which is made up of proteins, constricts the middle of the cell. This continues until the opposite surfaces of cell membrane are in contact and produces 2 daughter cells

Answer 39

Contractile ring

Question 40

It prevents cytokinesis to start until all chromosomes are correctly separated.

Answer 40

Chromosome segregation checkpoint

Question 41

The cell wall of plants is a strong substance thus a _________ forms which is involved in forming the cell wall of each daughter cell in plants

Answer 41

Cell plate

Question 42

Mitosis ensures that the number of chromosomes of the parent cell is identical to

Answer 42

Its 2 daughter cells

46 chromosomes from parent cell
Two 46 chromosomes daughter cells

Question 43

Purposes of mitosis

Answer 43

• ensures that the number of chromosomes of the parent cell is identical to its two daughter cells
• ensures the growth of the offspring
• replaces the damaged cells in the wounds

Question 44

Is simply defined as cells that undergo continuous division without stopping

Answer 44

Cancer