Meiosis: Turning Diploid Cells To Haploid

Question 1

First division in meiosis (meiosis I) where diploid cell is reduced to haploid

Answer 1

Reductional division

Question 2

The second division (meiosis II) where sister chromatids separate, which is a process similar to mitosis

Answer 2

equational division

Question 3

Are paired chromosomes that came from the parents during fertilization. Sister chromatids make up this.

Answer 3

Homologous chromosomes

Question 4

Five stages in Prophase I

Answer 4

Leptotene, zygotene, pachytene, diplotene, and diakinesis

Question 5

In this stage (prophase I) , chromatins condense and chromosomes appear

Answer 5

Leptotene stage

Question 6

A stage in prophase I where synapsis starts

Answer 6

Zygotene stage

Question 7

It is the close pairing of the homologous chromosomes

Answer 7

Synapsis

Question 8

A highly organized protein structure that connects the two homologous chromosomes together. This structure is speculated to mediate the chromosomes’ successful consensation, pairing, and recombination, and may play a role during crossing-over.

Answer 8

Synaptonemal complex

Question 9

A stage in prophase I where synapsis is complete and where crossing-over can take place.

Answer 9

Pachytene stage

Question 10

It is where nonsister chromatids in the homologous chromosomes exchange their segments and increases genetic variations of the organisms

Answer 10

Crossing-over

Question 11

The stage in prophase I where the synaptonemal complex starts to dissolve, and the homologous chromosomes start to separate

Answer 11

Diplotene stage

Question 12

It is the separation from the centromere towards the ends

Answer 12

Terminalization

Question 13

Strands of DNA are still connected at the site of exchange, forming an X-shaped structure called

Answer 13

Chiasma (plural: chiasmata)

Question 14

Stage in prophase I where the homologous chromosomes continue to separate and the chiasmata undergo terminalization. The homologous chromosomes are condesed and shortened and the nucleolus and nuclear membrane disappear.

Answer 14

Diakinesis

Question 15

Homologous chromosomes move to the metaphase plate or equatorial plate.

Answer 15

Metaphase I

Question 16

The homologous chromosomes separate where each chromosome still holds the sister chromatids.

Answer 16

Anaphase I

Question 17

At this stage, homologous chromosomes have reached the poles. The resulting cells have only half the number of chromosomes. Chromosomes still have pairs of attached chromatids. The nuclear membrane starts to reappear. Cytokinesis completes the creation of the two haploid daughter cells

Answer 17

Telophase I

Question 18

A brief resting period between telophase I and prophase II

Answer 18

Interkinesis

Question 19

In this process, the chromosomes begin to condense again. The nuclear membrane and nucleolus disappear

Answer 19

Prophase II

Question 20

The chromosomes align at the equatorial plate. Kinetochores attached to centromere. Sister chromatids prepare to move at opposite poles

Answer 20

Metaphase II

Question 21

Sister chromatids begin to separate. Each moves to opposite poles

Answer 21

Anaphase II

Question 22

The failure to separate the homologous chromosomes

Answer 22

Nondisjunction

Question 23

People with _______ have 3 copies of chromosome 21 instead of just two

Answer 23

Down syndrome

Question 24

Has XXY as sex chromosomes

Answer 24

Klinefelter syndrome

Question 25

Has just one X as the sex chromosome

Answer 25

Turner syndrome

Question 26

2 sex chromosomes syndrome

Answer 26

Klinefelter syndrome

Turner syndrome

Question 27

The chromosomes uncoil. Nuclear membrane and nucleolus reappear.

Cytokinesis finally splits the cells producing 4 haploid cells

Answer 27

Telophase II

Question 28

Is the process of producing gametes

Answer 28

Gametogenesis

Question 29

Also known as sex cells

Answer 29

Gametes

Question 30

2 types of gametogenesis

Answer 30

Spermatogenesis

Oogenesis

Question 31

Process of producing sperm cells in male

Answer 31

Spermatogenesis

Question 32

Process of producing egg cells in females

Answer 32

Oogenesis

Question 33

In spermatogenesis, the ______ forms into the primary spermatocyte

Answer 33

spermatogonium (plural: spermatogonia)

Question 34

The primary spermatocyte enters meiosis I to produce

Answer 34

Two secondary spermatocytes

Question 35

The secondary spermatocyte enter meiosis II to produce

Answer 35

Four haploid spermatids

Question 36

Spermatids undergo _____, wherein spermatids mature into motile spermatozoa

Answer 36

Spermiogenesis

Question 37

Sperm cells

Answer 37

Spermatozoa

Question 38

Each cycle of spermatogenesis produces ______ from one spermatogonium

Answer 38

Four sperm cells

Question 39

Oogenesis starts with the

Answer 39

Oogonium (plural: oogonia)

Question 40

The oogonium becomes the primary oocyte which will enter meiosis I. The result is

Answer 40

One secondary oocyte and one polar body

Question 41

Secondary oocyte will enter meiosis II to produce

Answer 41

One egg cell and one polar body

Question 42

It cannot be fertilized by a sperm

Answer 42

Polar bodies

Question 43

Each cycle of oogenesis produces _____ all from one oogonium

Answer 43

One egg cell and three polar bodies

Question 44

The haploid sperm and egg produced in meiosis will meet during

Answer 44

Fertilization