Cell Diversity Flashcards
What are the five-kingdom scheme that is used to classify organisms
Plantae Fungi Animalia Protista Monera
Only Kingdom _______ has members that are prokaryotes
Monera
Only Kingdom Monera has members that are prokaryotes, the rest of the kingdoms are _____
Eukaryotes
Greek words of Prokaryotes and its meaning
pro means before
karyon means nut or kernel
Are cells without a true nucleus however they have nucleoid
Prokaryotes
It is a region which contains most of their genetic material in the form of circular DNA
Nucleoid
The size of prokaryotic cell
Usually 1-5 micrometers
Some prokaryotes may also contain small, double-strands of separate DNA called plasmids
True
Which play a role in antibiotic resistance
Plasmids
Cell division happens though _____, a tupe of asexual reproduction that produces two identical cells
Binary Fission
______ and ______ are not observed in prokaryotes
Exocytosis and endocytosis
Greek words of eukaryotes and its meaning
eu means true
karyon means nut or kernel
Cells that have true nucleus which are bound by nuclear membrane
Eukaryotes
Size of eukaryotes
10-100 micrometers
The DNA of a eukaryotic cell is _____ with _____
Linear and histones
Proteins that package and order the DNA unto structural units
Histones
Unlike prokaryotes, eukaryotes have many organelles
Eukaryotes can also perform endocytosis and exocytosis
True
The cells of plants are capable of ______
Photosynthesis
Most photosynthetic processes in plants use the pigment?
Chlorophyll
Chlorophyll is also called as
Green pigment
A class of accessory pigments responsible for the yellow, orange, and red colors in plants, also helps in photosynthesis
Carotenoid
Chlorophyll is found in
Chloroplast
Carotenoids are found in
Chromoplast
Chloroplasts and chromoplasts are known as
Plastids
Organelles responsible for pigment sythesis and storage
Plastids
The flow of cytosol in the cell
Cytoplasmic streaming
The plant cell has an additional covering which is mainly composed of cellulose
Cell wall
Cellulose is a
Polysaccharide
____ were initially classified under Kingdom Plantae.
Fungi
Reason why Kingdom Fungi was separated from Kingdom Plantae
The cells of the members of Kingdom Fungi was separated from Kingdom Plantae
The cells of fungi also have a cell wall, which is composed of _______, a polysaccharide similar to cellulose
Chitin
Name some some cells found in animals
Osteocyte
Chondrocyte
Neuron
Epithelial cells
It is a bone cell that makes up your bones. Your bones serve as your framework, and they help to support, move, and protect your body.
Osteocyte
A cell that makes up your cartilage
Chondrocyte
It gives flexible support to your body
Cartilage
It is a nerve cell that is found in nervous system
Neuron
The nueron transmits ____ throughout your body that helps you sense things around you.
Impulses
A cell that can be classified based on their shapes
Epithelial cells
Classification of epithelial cells based on their shapes
Squamous cell (flattened in appearance) Cubodial cell (appears as square or cube) Columnar cell (shape is like a rectangle)
Some of the functions of epithelial cells are
Protection, secretion, and absorption
_____ are mostly unicellular organisms, unlike plants and animals which are multicellular. There are few ____ that are colonial and multicellular.
Protists
The members of this kingdom include the _______, protists with animal-like characteristics
Protozoa (singular: protozoon or protozoan)
Protozoa can be further subdivided into several groups based on the locomotory structures of their cells.
The members of the group _______ move by ________, cellular projections that act like false feet
Sarcodina move by pseudopodia (singular: pseudopodium)
Protozoa can be further subdivided into several groups based on the locomotory structures of their cells.
The members of the group _______ move by using cilia
Ciliophora
Protozoa can be further subdivided into several groups based on the locomotory structures of their cells.
The members of the group ________ move by using their flagella
Sarcomastigophora
Protozoa can be further subdivided into several groups based on the locomotory structures of their cells.
Those who do not have locomotory structures are under the group ______
Sporozoa
One of the groups in Kingdom Monera is _______, which are unicellular organisms
Eubacteria
Members of Eubacteria may be described using their shape.
Those that appear circular are called
Cocci (singular: coccus)
Members of Eubacteria may be described using their shape.
Those that look like rods are called
Bacilli (singular: bacillus)
Members of Eubacteria may be described using their shape.
Those that appear spiral are called
Spirilla (singular: spirillum)
3 members of eubacteria that are described using their shape
Cocci
Bacilli
Spirilla
Two groups under Monera
Eubacteria
Archaebacteria
Archaebacteria are ________, which means that they can live in a very harsh environments
Extremophiles
4 groups of Archaebacteria
Halophiles
Thermophiles
Acidophiles
Methanogens
A group of Archaebacteria that can live in a very salty environment
Halophiles
A group of Archaebacteria that can live in very hot places
Thermophiles
Group of Archaebacteria that prefer acidic environment
Acidophiles
A group of Archaebacteria that produce methane as a waste product
Methanogens
