Mitosis,cell division Flashcards
What happens during prophase?
Chromosomes condense. Membrane around nucleus breaks down. Chromosome lie free in cytoplasm.
What happens during metaphase?
Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.
What happens during anaphase?
Spindle fibres pull chromosomes apart. Chromatids are pulled to opposite ends of the cell.
What happens during telophase?
A membrane forms around each set of chromosomes to form nuclei.
What happens before telophase ends?
Cytokinesis.
Cytoplasm and cell membrane divide to form two separate cells.
Define cell differentiation?
Process by which a cell changes to become specialised for its job.
Define cell elongation?
When a plant cell expands making the cell bigger and making the plant grow.
Cancer is caused by uncontrolled mitosis. How do most cancer drugs work?
- Preventing DNA replication
2. Inhibiting metaphase stage of mitosis by interfering with spindle formation
Gametes (eggs and sperm) are haploid cells. What is meant by this?
They contain only 1 set of unparied chromosomes.
What is the product of mitosis?
2 daughter cells that have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell and each other.
Describe how the structure of red blood cells is related to its function?
No nucleus
Thin membrane
Large surface area
Why is mitosis important in organisms?
Asexual reproduction
Growth
Repairing damage
Cell replacement
How are root cells specialised for their function?
Large vacuole - stores absorbed water
Long projection - Increases area for absorption
Thin cell - Allows minerals to easily pass into the cells
How are xylem cells specialised for their function?
Thick walls containing lignin - gives xylem a rigid cell wall and strong structure
No internal structure - easier to transport water and minerals
What are meristems?
Group of cells near the end of the shoots that allow plants to continue growing.
