DNA and The Genome

Question 1

Describe the structure of DNA?

Answer 1

DNA is a double helix.
Bases joined by hydrogen bonds.
Sides of DNA are made from sugar and phosphate.

Question 2

Describe how a section of DNA determines the structure of a protein?

Answer 2

Sequence of bases determine sequence of amino acids.
Several amino acids make up a protein.
Transcription.
Translation.

Question 3

Describe how two strands of a DNA molecule are linked together?

Answer 3

Hydrogen bonds between base pairs.

Question 4

Explain how the Human Genome Project has contributed to advances in medicine?

Answer 4

Identification of mutated genes

Diagnosis of cancer

Question 5

Why is detergent used when extracting DNA?

Answer 5

Breaks down the cell membranes causing the cell to release DNA.

Question 6

Why is salt used when extracting DNA?

Answer 6

Causes the DNA to stick together.

Question 7

Why filture the mixture when extracting DNA?

Answer 7

Removes any debris from the mixture.

Question 8

Why use ice-cold ethanol when extracting DNA?

Answer 8

Causes the DNA to precipitate.

Question 9

What are the four different bases?

Answer 9

Adenine - Thymine

Cytosine - Guanine

Question 10

Define genome?

Answer 10

The entire set of genetic material of an organism.