Mitosis (Book notes)

Question 1

What happens during mitosis? (Simple)

Answer 1

Segregation of replicated DNA

Question 2

Prior to mitosis, eukaryotic DNA is packed into very (blank)

Answer 2

Compact chromosomes

Question 3

Chromosome

Answer 3

Consists of 1-2 long, linear double stranded DNA molecules bound with many proteins

Question 4

Chromatin

Answer 4

Complex of DNA and proteins

Question 5

What proteins pack the DNA?

Answer 5

Histone

Question 6

DNA histone interactions, histone-histone interactions =

Answer 6

Nucleosomes

Question 7

Chromatin less densely packaged and DNA is accessible during

Answer 7

Interphase

Question 8

Prophase

Answer 8

Chromatin condensed and separate chromosomes visible

Question 9

Prometaphase

Answer 9

Nuclear envelope breaks down, compacted chromosomes (with 2 chromatids) attach to spindle apparatus

Question 10

Metaphase

Answer 10

Chromosomes align at the midline of the cell (equatorial position)

Question 11

Anaphase

Answer 11

Chromatids separate and move away toward opposite poles

Question 12

Telophase

Answer 12

Nuclear envelope around chromosomes, nucleoli appear, chromosomes less compact, spindle disappears, 2 new nuclei in cell

Question 13

What determine the plane of cell division?

Answer 13

Centrosomos

Question 14

Dynamic structure that moves sister chromatids apart during mitosis

Answer 14

Spindle apparatus

Question 15

Organelle in the cytoplasm near the nucleus

Answer 15

Centrosome

Question 16

Centrosome determines what

Answer 16

Orientation so spindle can form

Question 17

Hollow tube formed by nine microtubule triplets

Answer 17

Centrioles

Question 18

When does the spindle begin to form?

Answer 18

Prophase

Question 19

Specialized three layered structures that develop in the centromere region, one on each chromatid

Answer 19

Kinetochores

Question 20

2 centromeres on opposite sides =

Answer 20

Pole

Question 21

2 types of microtubule in spindle

Answer 21

Polar and kinetochore

Question 22

Movement of chromatids accomplish what

Answer 22

Segregation

Question 23

What physically separates the chromatids during anaphase?

Answer 23

APC- protein complex

Question 24

After anaphase and when the chromatids are separated what are they called

Answer 24

Daughter chromosomes

Question 25

Chromatids (blank) and chromosomes have their own

Answer 25

Share centromere

Question 26

How are chromosomes moved along microtubules?

Answer 26

Kinetochores containing molecular motor proteins use energy from ATP hydrolysis

Question 27

What happens during telophase? Simple

Answer 27

Spindle disappears and nuclear envelope forms

Question 28

What happens during cytokinesis? Simple

Answer 28

Cytoplasms of daughter cells separate

Question 29

Cell cycle summary (interphase)

Answer 29

G1: growth, restriction point at end
S: DNA replication
G2: spindle synthesis begins; preparation for mitosis

Question 30

Cell cycle summary (mitosis)

Answer 30

Prophase: condensation of chromosomes; spindle assembly
Prometaphase: nuclear envelope breakdown; chromosome attachment to spindle
Metaphase: alignment of chromosomes at equatorial plate
Anaphase: separation of chromatids; migration to poles
Telophase: chromosomes decondense; nuclear envelope reforms
Cytokinesis: cell separation; cell membrane and/or wall formation