Mitosis And The Cell Cycle

Question 1

How do cells divide?

Answer 1

In a series of stages called the cell cycle

Question 2

What happens during the cell cycle?

Answer 2

• During the cell cycle genetic material is doubled and then
divided into two identical cells

Question 3

What needs to happen before a cell can divide?

Answer 3

• Before a cell can divide it needs to grow and increase the number of sub-cellular structure such as ribosomes and mitochondria
• The DNA replicates to form two copies of each chromosome

Question 4

What happens at the end of the cell cycle after mitosis?

Answer 4

Finally, the cytoplasm and cell membranes divide to form two
identical cells

Question 5

What is cell division by mitosis important in?

Answer 5

• The growth and development of tissues in multicellular
organisms
• Repair of tissues in multicellular organisms
• Asexual reproduction in multicellular organisms and binary fission in unicellular organisms

Question 6

Binary Fission:

Answer 6

The process that bacteria use to carry out cell division

Question 7

Diploid:

Answer 7

Two copies of a chromosomes (one from the biological mother and one from the biological father)

Question 8

Phases of the Cell Cycle: G1

Answer 8

Sub-cellular structures duplicate, structures include mitochondria and ribosomes but excluding chromosomes

Question 9

Phases of the Cell Cycle: S

Answer 9

DNA replicates to form 2 copies of each chromosome

Question 10

Phases of the Cell Cycle: G2

Answer 10

• DNA is checked for errors made during replication
• Done using enzymes, and any errors can be fixed

Question 11

Phases of the Cell Cycle: Mitosis

Answer 11

One set of chromosomes is pulled to each end of the cell and the nucleus divides to form two nuclei

Question 12

Phases of the Cell Cycle: Cytokinesis

Answer 12

• From 1 parent cell to two daughter cells
• Cytoplasm and cell membrane divide to create two separate diploid cells each with identical chromosomes

Question 13

Phases of the Cell Cycle: GO

Answer 13

• Temporary cell resting
• Some cells will never divide again e.g. nerve cells

Question 14

What does mitosis make?

Answer 14

Cell division that makes 2 diploid daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell and to each other

Question 15

What are all the phases of the cell cycle?

Answer 15

• G1
• S
• G2
• Mitosis
• Cytokinesis
• GO

Question 16

What are all the phases of mitosis?

Answer 16

prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

Question 17

What happens in the prophase of mitosis?

Answer 17

separates the duplicated genetic material carried in the nucleus of a parent cell into two identical daughter cells

Question 18

What happens in the metaphase of mitosis?

Answer 18

the nucleus dissolves and the cell’s chromosomes condense and move together, aligning in the center of the dividing cell

Question 19

What happens in the anaphase of mitosis?

Answer 19

the sister chromatids separate from each other and are pulled towards opposite ends of the cell

Question 20

What happens in the telophase of mitosis?

Answer 20

the cell is nearly done dividing, and it starts to re-establish its normal structures as cytokinesis (division of the cell contents) takes place