Blood

Question 1

What is blood?

Answer 1

blood is a tissue consisting of plasma, in which the red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets are suspended

Question 2

What are the functions of blood?

Answer 2

transports 02 to the rest of the body so cells can do aerobic respiration and release energy
• transports CO2 from all cells back to the lungs
• transports nutrients from digestive system to all cells
• transports waste products from cells to the liver and kidney for treatment and disposal
• transports heat around the body
• transports water around the body
• transports salts around the body
• transports white blood cells to fight infections
• transports hormones around the body

Question 3

What 4 main components is blood made up of?

Answer 3

• red blood cells
• white blood cells
• platelets
• plasma

Question 4

Function of red blood cells:

Answer 4

to carry oxygen in the blood from the lungs to the cells in the body’s tissues so that they can do aerobic respiration and release energy to be able to do their processes

Question 5

Adaptations of red blood cells:

Answer 5

• biconcave disk shape means that the cell has a large SA:V
which helps it to absorb oxygen as it increases the efficiency of diffusion of oxygen into and out of the cell and reduces the diffusion distance to the centre of the cell
• doesn’t contain a nucleus - increases space for haemoglobin and creates room inside the cells allowing them to carry more
oxygen
• red blood cells contain a substance called haemoglobin (a red chemical which contains iron) - helps red blood cells to absorb oxygen as it binds to oxygen which means it can transport it from the lungs to the body’s tissues
• in the lungs haemoglobin combines with oxygen to form oxyhemoglobin
9°C
Cloudy

Question 6

How do red blood cells travel?

Answer 6

red blood cells travel suspended in the plasma

Question 7

What is the most common blood cell?

Answer 7

red blood cells

Question 8

Function of white blood cells:

Answer 8

Are part of the immune system so their function is to defend the body against infections from microorganisms (pathogens) e.g. bacteria

Question 9

What are the two type of white blood cells?

Answer 9

• Phagocytes
• Lymphocytes

Question 10

How do white blood cells travel?

Answer 10

white blood cells travels suspended in plasma

Question 11

Function of phagocytes:

Answer 11

kill microorganisms like bacteria if they get into the blood

Question 12

Adaptations of phagocytes:

Answer 12

• are very flexible so they can kill microorganisms by surrounding and engulfing them
• once the microorganism is inside the phagocyte it is-digested by powerful enzymes and killed
• phagocytes are attracted to bacteria because bacteria produce waste products (chemicals) called toxins (these are the chemicals that make us feel ill) - when a phagocyte moves
• towards a bacterium it surrounds it and engulfs it this is called phagocytosis

Question 13

Function of lymphocytes:

Answer 13

• to produce chemicals called antibodies
• antibodies stick onto foreign micro-organisms in the blood, this either kills the microorganisms or causes them to clump together making it easier for phagocytes to engulf and destroy them
• protect the body as they are able to neutralise the harmful poisons or ‘toxins’ produced by microorganisms

Question 14

Adaptations of lymphocytes:

Answer 14

As part of the adaptive immune response, some lymphocytes proliferate and differentiate into memory cells, which are able to respond faster and more efficiently the next time the same pathogen invades.

Question 15

Function of platelets:

Answer 15

to prevent and stop bleeding

Question 16

Adaptations of platelets:

Answer 16

Platelets are able to change shape

Question 17

How do platelets travel?

Answer 17

As platelets are the lightest component of whole blood, they are pushed to the walls of your blood vessels, allowing plasma and blood cells to flow through the center

Question 18

What is blood clotting and how does it work?

Answer 18

an important process that prevents excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured.

Question 19

What is plasma?

Answer 19

Plasma is the liquid portion of blood

Question 20

Function of plasma:

Answer 20

Plasma carries water, salts, and enzymes. The main role of plasma is to take nutrients, hormones, and proteins to the parts of the body that need it

Question 21

Adaptations of plasma:

Answer 21

ability to transport important substances around

Question 22

What is the composition of blood?

Answer 22

plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

Question 23

Haemoglobin:

Answer 23

Red blood cells contain a substance called haemoglobin, which transports oxygen around the body.

Question 24

Oxyhaemoglobin:

Answer 24

a bright red substance formed by the combination of haemoglobin with oxygen, present in oxygenated blood.

Question 25

What mineral is needed to make haemoglobin?

Answer 25

Iron

Question 26

Why are people who are deficient in iron anaemic?

Answer 26

Iron deficiency anaemia is caused by lack of iron, often because of blood loss or pregnancy. It’s treated with iron tablets and by eating iron-rich foods.

Question 27

What are good dietary sources of iron?

Answer 27

liver (but avoid this during pregnancy)
red meat.
beans, such as red kidney beans, edamame beans and chickpeas.
nuts.
dried fruit – such as dried apricots.
fortified breakfast cereals.
soy bean flour.

Question 28

What is the function of haemoglobin?

Answer 28

Hemoglobin contains iron, which allows it to pick up oxygen from the air we breathe and deliver it everywhere in the body.

Question 29

Do white blood cells have a nucleus?

Answer 29

White blood cells have a nucleus due to their role in the immune system.