Mitosis and Mieosis Flashcards
Name all the phases of Mitosis
- Interphase
- Prophase
- Metaphase
- Anaphase
- Telophase
- Cytokinesis
What happens during Interphase
In this phase, the cell grows and develops. Chromosomes (DNA) are copied.
What happens during Prophase
Chromosomes are visible during this phase because they are condensing. The nucleus is still visible and present.
What happens during Metaphase
Spindle fibers attach to chromosomes. Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell. M for middle
What happens during anaphase
Chromosomes divide into two sets. Each half or set is pulled away to opposite sides of the cell. Sister chromatids are separated.
What happens during telophase
Two nuclear membranes begin to form. The cell begins to separate
what happens Cytokinesis
Cytoplasm divides. Two daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes.
With respect to the whole cell cycle, how often do cells divide (Mitosis) and how often are they doing Interphase
They are doing interphase 90% and mitosis 10% of the time
How many chromosomes do humans have
46 in each Nucleaus
What are centromere
The centromere is part of the chromosomes where the sister chromatids are held together.
What are chromatids
Chromatids are strands of replicated chromosomes.
What are spindles
Spindles help move the chromosomes/ chromatids. These spindles are fibers.
Meiosis does what?
Makes sperm and egg cells (gametes)
How many chromosomes do sperm and egg cells have?
23
What happens in prophase one
Along with what was previously stated. Chromosomes find their homologous pair. This means they are roughly the same size and share the same types of genes in the same location. The chromosomes then transfer genetic DNA.
What happens in Metaphase 1
The chromosomes go to the middle. The difference between this and mitosis is the chromosomes are in pairs.
What happens in Anaphase 1
The chromosomes are pulled away by the spindle fibers
What happens in Telophase 1
It is apparent you will end meiosis one with two new cells then cytokinesis follows splitting the cytoplasm but this process is not over.
What happens in prophase 2
spindles start to form
What happens in Metaphase 2
In metaphase 2 the chromosomes line up in the middle but this time they are not in pairs.
What happens in Anaphase 2
The chromatids are pulled away by the spindle fibers
What happens in telophase 2
In telophase 2 the nuclei begin to appear and cytokinesis splits the cells into 4 new gametes
at what stage in mitosis do you have two distinct haploid cells
telophase 1
how does the production of gametes in biological males differ from biological females?
Male: Takes place in the testes, Begins at puberty, and continues throughout life.
Produces four sperm cells from each spermatocyte during spermatogenesis.
Sperm cells are small, highly mobile, and adapted for delivering genetic material to the egg.
Female; Takes place in the ovaries, Begins before birth, pauses during childhood, and resumes at puberty. It continues until menopause, but only one mature egg is typically produced per menstrual cycle, Produces one mature egg from each oocyte during oogenesis, The egg (or ovum) is relatively large and immobile, as it carries nutrients for potential fertilization and early embryonic development.
