BIO PLants

Question 1

What is the cell theory?

Answer 1

1. All living things are made up of one or more cells.
2. The cell is the simplest unit that can carry out all life processes.
3. All cells come from other cells.

Question 2

What are Prokaryotes?

Answer 2

All are unicellular (an organism is made up of only one cell)
Includes bacteria and some other single-celled organisms
Small and structurally simple:
Lack a nucleus
Lack membranous organelles

Question 3

What are Eukaryotes?

Answer 3

Unicellular or multicellular
Includes plants, animals, fungi and protists
Contain:
Membrane-bound nucleus
Numerous membrane-bound organelles:
Mitochondria
Golgi apparatus
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Vacuoles

Question 4

What is a cell membrane?

Answer 4

Boundary of the cell
Unique to
Made of proteins and lipids (fats)
Selectively permeable (or semi-permeable)

Question 5

What is a Cytoskeleton?

Answer 5

Microtubules and microfilaments provide framework to the cell
Provides cell movement
Provides movement to organelles

Question 6

What is the Nucleus:

Answer 6

Control centre of the cell
Contains genes, chromosomes (DNA*)
Directs cell division & the formation of cell structures
Surrounded by a nuclear membrane

Question 7

What is the Nuclear Membrane:

Answer 7

Outer layer of the nucleus
Protects DNA, keeping it separate from everything else

Question 8

What does DNA stand for?

Answer 8

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Question 9

Cytoplasm:

Answer 9

Mostly water
Contains most of the organelles

Question 10

Mitochondria:

Answer 10

Power plants of the cell
Convert stored energy to useable energy (glucose) through cellular respiration
Cells that need more energy have more mitochondria (e.g. muscle cells)

Question 11

Endoplasmic Reticulum (E.R.)

Answer 11

3D network of tubes
Connects nuclear membrane to cell membrane
Transport materials through the cell

Question 12

Golgi Bodies

Answer 12

Collect and process materials to be removed from the cell
Make and secrete mucus

Question 13

Vacuole

Answer 13

Membranous fluid-filled sac
Many types of vacuoles for containing, removing, and storing substances

Question 14

Ribosomes

Answer 14

sites of protein synthesis in the cell

Question 15

What Structures are Unique to Plant Cells

Answer 15

Rigid Cell walls, Large Vacuole, Chloroplasts

Question 16

What do plants need to grow?

Answer 16

Water, soil, space to grow, Sunlight and air

Question 17

What do roots do?

Answer 17

Roots anchor plants in soil, absorb minerals and water, and store food

Question 18

What are Fibrous roots?

Answer 18

Mat of thin roots that spread out
Monocots
Example would be a typical flower

Question 19

What are Tap roots?

Answer 19

1 large vertical root
Also produces many small lateral, or branch roots
Dicot

Question 20

What do root hairs do

Answer 20

Increase absorptive surface area

Question 21

What comes after the root

Answer 21

The Stem

Question 22

After the stem in the plant diagram the Terminal or apical buds are located (top and end of the stem). What are they?

Answer 22

the type of bud located at the top (apex) of the plant, particularly at the very tip of the main stem

Question 23

What are Axillary buds?

Answer 23

have the ability to produce new shoots to promote the growth of the plant

Question 24

What is the epidermis

Answer 24

a protective tissue that covers the entire surface of the plant

Question 25

What is Xylem

Answer 25

the vascular tissue in plants that conducts water and dissolved nutrients upward from the root and also helps to form the woody element in the stem.

Question 26

What is Phloem

Answer 26

the vascular tissue in plants that conducts sugars and other metabolic products downward from the leaves.

Question 27

What is the function of leaves?

Answer 27

Photosynthesis Transpiration Gas exchange

Question 28

What are leaves made of

Answer 28

Mesophyll tissue Veins (vascular bundles)

Question 29

Roots depend on _______ produced by photosynthetic leaves

Answer 29

Sugars

Question 30

Shoots depend on _________and _________ absorbed from the soil by the roots

Answer 30

Water and minerals

Question 31

Name the three plant tissues:

Answer 31

Dermal, ground, and vascular

Question 32

Dermal tissue:

Answer 32

The dermal tissue is like the skin of the plant. An example of this would be the epidermis. A single layer of tightly packed cells that cover & protect the plant

Question 33

Ground tissue:

Answer 33

The bulk of the plant tissue Photosynthetic mesophyll, storage. Does almost all plant life functions.

Question 34

Vascular tissue:

Answer 34

Transports shoots and roots. (Xylem and Phloem)

Question 35

What are the Plant CELL types in plant tissues?

Answer 35

Parenchyma, scherlecyma, and collenchyma

Question 36

What is Parenchyma?

Answer 36

“Typical” plant cells = least specialized Photosynthetic cells, storage cells Tissue of leaves, stem, fruit, storage roots

Question 37

What is scherlecyma?

Answer 37

Very thick, “woody” secondary walls Support Rigid cells that can’t elongate Dead at functional maturity

Question 38

What is collenchyma?

Answer 38

Unevenly thickened primary walls Support growing tissue

Question 39

Phloem is what type of cell?

Answer 39

Food conducting

Question 40

What is a monocot?

Answer 40

Monocots is a plant that carries specific traits. These include 1. One cotyledon 2. Pedals come in 3 3. Vascular bundles are fibrous 4. The pedals have parallel lines. 5. Fibourous root systeme

Question 41

What is a Dicot?

Answer 41

Dicot is a plant that carries specific traits. These include. 1. 2 cotyledon 2. Pedals come in 4 to 5 3. Has a tap root 4. The pedals have ring shapes

Question 42

NOTE********

Answer 42

Study plant slide show with diagrams

Question 43

What are the two main categories of plant tissue?

Answer 43

Permanent tissue and Meristematic tissue

Question 44

NOTEEEEE

Answer 44

https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/19KoTyTLmoBJ9uvxIgX6M8_zC8ecq68lxyBrqjNEkofo/edit#slide=id.p

Question 45

APICAL MERISTEM

Answer 45

Primary growth (ie. lengthening) Occurs at the tips of shoots and roots Produces new leaves and flowers

Question 46

INTERCALARY MERISTEM

Answer 46

Increases the length between the nodes (ie. the distance between leaves of branches

Question 47

LATERAL MERISTEM

Answer 47

Causes secondary growth (ie. widening) Occurs at the cambium Produces bark on trees

Question 48

What is Stomata?

Answer 48

Stomata are tiny openings or pores in plant tissue that allow for gas exchange

Question 49

Tropism?

Answer 49

The way plants grow in response to stimulus

Question 50

Phototropism?

Answer 50

The way a plant grows in response to light.

Question 51

Geotropism?

Answer 51

The way a plant grows in response to gravity

Question 52

What happens in the shoots that cause Phototropism?

Answer 52

High concentration of Auxins

Question 53

What are Auxins?

Answer 53

a plant hormone that causes the elongation of cells in shoots and is involved in regulating plant growth.

Question 54

What happens in the roots that prevent phototropism?

Answer 54

High conic of Auxin

Question 55

Why do plants need glucose?

Answer 55

for energy and to make other substances like cellulose and starch

Question 56

gymnosperms vs angiosperm

Answer 56

Angiosperms, also called flowering plants, have seeds that are enclosed within an ovary (usually a fruit), while gymnosperms have no flowers or fruits, and have unenclosed or “naked” seeds on the surface of scales or leaves.

Question 57

What is Turgor pressure?

Answer 57

Turgor pressure is the force within the cell that pushes the plasma membrane against the cell wall.