Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

bio > Genetics Unit test > Flashcards

Genetics Unit test Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

DNA stands for what?

A

Deoxyribosenucleic Acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where is DNA located in the body?

A

DNA is located in the nuclei of your cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How big is your Nucleus

A

About 10 nanometers wide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the structure of DNA?

A

DNA is a double helix structure which is 2nm by 2m

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is Histones

A

Histones are the protein DNA wraps around

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are Gametes?

A

Unique cells that are made to reproduce

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are gametes a result of

A

Meiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Gametes have how many chromosomes?

A

23

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the process called Oogenesis?

A

The formation of an egg or Oocyte cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How many egg cells are created in one lifetime

A

400-500

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When does meiosis begin for males?

A

It begins at puberty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How many sperm cells are produced each day?

A

Millions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Does the sperm or egg determine the genetic sex of the offspring?

A

Sperm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What factors play a role in determining the offspring?

A

Temperature, age, social structures, and fertilization alternate sex determination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is Nondisjunction

A

Abnormal Meiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name all the phases of Mitosis

A
  1. Interphase
  2. Prophase
  3. Metaphase
  4. Anaphase
  5. Telophase
  6. Cytokinese
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What happens during Interphase

A

This is when cells do their jobs that contribute to daily functions. They grow and develop. This is also when DNA in the cell is being duplicated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What happens during prophase

A

Chromosomes are visible during this phase because they are condensing. The nucleus is still visible and present.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What happens during Metaphase

A

Spindle fibers attach to chromosomes. Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell. M for middle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What happens during anaphase

A

Chromosomes divide into two sets. Each half or set is pulled away to opposite sides of the cell. Sister chromatids are separated.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What happens during telophase

A

Two nuclear membranes begin to form. The cell begins to separate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What happens during cytokinesis

A

Cytoplasm divides. Two daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

With respect to the whole cell cycle, how often do cells divide (Mitosis) and how often are they doing Interphase

A

They are doing interphase 90% and mitosis 10% of the time

24
Q

How many chromosomes do humans have

A

46 chromosomes

25
Q

What are centromere

A

The centromere is part of the chromosomes where the sister chromatids are held together.

26
Q

What are chromatids

A

Chromatids are strands of replicated chromosomes.

27
Q

What are spindles

A

Spindles help move the chromosomes/ chromatids. These spindles are fibers.

28
Q

Meiosis does what?

A

Makes sperm and egg cells (gametes)

29
Q

How many chromosomes do sperm and egg cells have?

A

23

30
Q

What happens in prophase one

A

Along with what was previously stated. Chromosomes find their homologous pair. This means they are roughly the same size and share the same types of genes in the same location. The chromosomes then transfer genetic DNA.

31
Q

What happens in Metaphase 1

A

The chromosomes go to the middle. The difference between this and mitosis is the chromosomes are in pairs.

32
Q

What happens in Anaphase 1

A

The chromosomes are pulled away by the spindle fibers

33
Q

What happens in Telophase 1

A

It is apparent you will end meiosis one with two new cells then cytokinesis follows splitting the cytoplasm but this process is not over.

34
Q

What happens in prophase 2

A

Spindles start to form

35
Q

What happens in Metaphase 2

A

In metaphase 2 the chromosomes line up in the middle but this time they are not in pairs.

36
Q

What happens in Anaphase 2

A

The chromatids are pulled away by the spindle fibers

37
Q

What happens in telophase 2

A

In telophase 2 the nuclei begin to appear and cytokinesis splits the cells into 4 new gametes

38
Q

at what stage in mitosis do you have two distinct haploid cells

A

telophase 1

39
Q

how does the production of gametes in biological males differ from biological females?

A

Male: Takes place in the testes, Begins at puberty, and continues throughout life.
Produces four sperm cells from each spermatocyte during spermatogenesis.
Sperm cells are small, highly mobile, and adapted for delivering genetic material to the egg.

Female; Takes place in the ovaries, Begins before birth, pauses during childhood, and resumes at puberty. It continues until menopause, but only one mature egg is typically produced per menstrual cycle, Produces one mature egg from each oocyte during oogenesis, The egg (or ovum) is relatively large and immobile, as it carries nutrients for potential fertilization and early embryonic development.

40
Q

What is Genetics

A

the science that studies how genes are transmitted from one generation to the next.

41
Q

What is a Gene

A

A segment of DNA that controls a hereditary trait.

42
Q

What are Medels three Laws

A

The Law of Dominance and Recessiveness

The Principle of Segregation

The Principle of Independent Assortment

43
Q

Mendel’s great contribution was to demonstrate that

A

inherited characteristics are carried by genes.

44
Q

The Law of Dominance and Recessiveness

A

some alleles, which are variants of a particular gene found at the same chromosomal locus or location, are dominant over the other alleles for a given gene.

45
Q

The Principle of Segregation

A

describes how pairs of gene variants are separated into reproductive cells.

46
Q

The Principle of Independent Assortment

A

describes how different genes independently separate from one another when reproductive cells develop

47
Q

A genotype is

A

the genetic makeup of an organism.

48
Q

A phenotype is…

A

the physical characteristics of an organism – what the organism looks like.

49
Q

the presence of the gene is not all that is required for the expression of a trait. The gene must be present along with the proper

A

environmental conditions

50
Q

Some genes appear to:
blend. This is known as:

A

incomplete dominance or nondominance.

51
Q

There are three alleles that determine blood type. What are they?

A

iA, iB and i

52
Q

What blood types are recessive and what are dominant

A

A and B are codominant and i is recessive

53
Q

What is polygenic inheritance

A

the determination of a given characteristic is the result of: the interaction of many genes. Some traits, such as size, height, shape, weight, color, metabolic rate, and behavior are not determined by one pair of alleles

54
Q

What are Autosomes

A

Autosomes are all of the chromosomes within a cell except for sex chromosomes

55
Q

Sex-linked traits include:

A

color blindness, hemophilia, and muscular dystrophy

56
Q
A

bio (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions