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Biology 141 > Mitosis and Meiosis > Flashcards

Mitosis and Meiosis Flashcards

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1
Q

Cytokinesis

A
  • The division of the cytoplasm
  • Cells separate
  • Process known as cleavage, forms cleavage furrow
  • In plants, cell plate forms
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2
Q

Interphase

A
  • Growth and copying of chromosomes in prep for cell division
  • Overlaps w/ mitosis
  • 3 phases: G1 (growing), S (DNA synthesis, chromosome duplication), G2 (growing, getting ready for mitosis)
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3
Q

Prophase (Mitosis)

A
  • Preparation
  • Centrosomes move to opposite sides of cell
  • Form mitotic spindles
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4
Q

Metaphase

A

-Sister chromatids align in the middle, pair up

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5
Q

Anaphase

A
  • Sister chromatids separate, becoming chromatids

- Pull back to outsides of cell

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6
Q

Telophase

A
  • Termination

- 2 identical daughter cells that have almost split

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7
Q

Meiosis I

A
  • Prophase I
  • Metaphase I
  • Anaphase I
  • Telophase I
  • Cytokinesis
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8
Q

Meiosis II

A
  • Similar to Mitosis
  • Prophase II
  • Metaphase II
  • Anaphase II
  • Telophase II
  • Cytokinesis
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9
Q

Prophase I

A
  • Chromosome pairs w/ homolog and crossing over occurs

- Chiasmata: sites of crossoves

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10
Q

Metaphase I

A
  • Pairs of homologs line up at metaphase plate (middle)
  • Microtubules from one pole are attached to kinetochore of one chromosome of each pair
  • Microtubules from 1 pole attach to kinetochore of other chromosome
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11
Q

Anaphase I

A
  • Pairs of homologous chromosomes separate
  • One chromosome of each pair moves to opposite pole
  • Sister chromatids remain attached at centromere
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12
Q

Telophase I and Cytokinesis

A

Each half of the cell has haploid set of chromosomes, each 2 sister chromatids

  • Cytokinesis forms 2 haploid daughter cells
  • **No chromosome replication between end of meiosis I and beginning of meiosis II because chromosomes already replicated
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13
Q

Prophase II

A
  • Spindle apparatus forms

- Chromosomes (still composed of two sister chromatids) move toward metaphase plate

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14
Q

Metaphase II

A
  • Sister chromatids arranged at metaphase plate
  • Two sister chromatids no longer identical due to crossover in metaphase I
  • Kinetochores of sister chromatids attach to microtubules extending from opposite poles
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15
Q

Anaphase II

A
  • Sister chromatids separate

- Sister chromatids from each chromosome now move as two newly individual chromosome towards poles

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16
Q

Telophase II and Cytokinesis

A
  • The chromosomes arrive at opposite poles
  • Nuclei form, chromosomes begin decondensing
  • Cytokinesis separates cytoplasm
  • 4 haploid daughter cells w/ distinct genetic material
17
Q

Meiosis #s

A
  • Prophase I- 92
  • End Meiosis I- 46
  • Prophase II- 46
  • End Meiosis II- 23 ( 4 haploid gametes)

Biology 141 (9 decks)

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