Mitosis and Cell Cycle Flashcards
What is cell differentiation?
The process of cells stopping dividing to specialize to become a specific type of cell
What is apoptosis?
The process of programmed cell death- to rid unneeded or abnormal cells.
What are cell cycle regulators?
Proteins that control the progression of a cell throughout the cell cycle.
First gap phase events?
cell growth and cell contents duplicate.
Synthesis phase events?
dna replication occurs
Second gap phase events?
Cell continues to grow and prepares for division.
Mitosis events?
Cell stops growing and divides into two daughter cells.
What occurs during interphase?
A cell grows and replicates it’s dna
What 3 factors determine whether a cell enters G0?
organisms stage in development
type of cell
the resources available for cell
What examples of cells are permanently in G0?
neurons and muscle cells
Examples of a cell that can leave g0 to process through the cell cycle and divide again?
injury in tissues in the liver
What other events happen to dna during mitosis?
the dna of the cells nucleus is split into 2 equal sets of chromosomes
What is a chromosome?
wound up dna that is found in the nucleus
What is a sister chromatid?
A sister chromatid is the two copies of each chromosome
Metaphase
metaphase is when the chromatids are lined up at the equator
Anaphase
sister chromatids are split and each chromatid is pulled forwards the poles
What is cytokinesis?
cytokinesis is when the cytoplasm divides when forming two new cells
What cells does mitosis occur in?
only body cells (not sex cells)
What are stem cells?
Stem cells are cells with no specialization
What is prophase?
When the dna condenses into the chromosomes
Why do humans need to do mitosis?
Grow, replace old cells, heal abrasions
What size cell is most efficient and why?
Smallest because nutrients can move in more quickly in smaller cells!
What is cancer?
Abnormal cell division
What is nondisjunction? What happens because of it?
Chromosomes fail to separate, causing extra chromosomes in some cells and missing chromosomes in others.
What is trisomy 21?
Down syndrome; caused by an extra chromosome
