Mitosis and Cancer Flashcards
Define mitosis
Division of the cell in order to make new cells
What is the chromatin network
The DNA and protein in the nucleus that carries genetic information
What is a chromosome
Rod-like structure formed from the chromatin material before cell division
What is a chromatid
One of 2 identical strands making up a chromosome
What is the centromere
Place where 2 chromatids making up one chromosome are joined
What is the centriole
A pair of cylindrical tubules normally at right angles. They make spindle fibers for cell division
What are the 3 phases of the cell cycle
- Interphase
- Mitosis
- Cytokinesis
What happens in interphase
Cell grows to full size, nuclear material is copied and new organelles are made
What happens in Prophase
- Chromosomes become visible
- Threads of DNA become shorter and thicker
- Centrioles move to opposite ends
- Spindle fibers begin to form
What happens in Metaphase?
- Replicated chromosomes line up at equator in the middle of the cell
- Attached by centromere to ‘elastic’ threads called spindle fibers
What happens in Anaphase?
- Chromosomes pulled apart
- One chromatid form and each chromosome is carried to each end of the cell
What happens in Telophase?
- New nucleus and nuclear membrane forms around each chromosome set
- Chromosomes unwind and form a new chromatin network
What is cytokinesis?
When the cytoplasm and contents divide into 2 equal parts
What is cytokinesis in plants?
When a cell plate is made from substances formed in the Golgi body. The cell plate grows across and forms a new cell wall
How many chromosomes does a human have?
46
