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Biology > Mitosis > Flashcards

Mitosis Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Why does cell division happen?

A
  • cellular growth and development
  • cell differentiation
  • repair and healing process
  • replication of genetic materials
  • perpetuation of species
  • cellular replacement
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2
Q

What is MITOSIS?

A

division of all somatic/body cells except gametes

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3
Q

What does mitosis produce?

A

two diploid daughter cells

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4
Q

What are the stages of mitosis?

A
  • interphase
  • prophase
  • metaphase
  • anaphase
  • telophase
  • cytokinesis
  • g₀ phase
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5
Q

What is INTERPHASE?

A

the longest phase in which the cell prepares for division

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6
Q

What are the stages of interphase?

A
  • G1: gap 1
  • S: synthesis
  • G2: gap 2
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7
Q

What happens in the GAP 1 phase?

A

cell increases in size

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8
Q

What happens in the SYNTHESIS phase?

A

doubling of DNA

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9
Q

What happens in the GAP 2 phase?

A

all cell components are duplicated and ready for mitosis

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10
Q

Replication of genetic material and centrosomes

A

interphase

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11
Q

46 chromosomes are aligned at the center of the cell

A

metaphase

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12
Q

The spindle fibers produced by the centrosomes start to attach to the kinetochore of each chromosome

A

prophase

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13
Q

Sister chromatids are pulled apart by the spindle fibers towards the opposite poles of the cell

A

anaphase

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14
Q

Nuclear membrane and nucleolus disappear

A

prophase

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15
Q

Nuclear membrane and nucleolus reform

A

telophase

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16
Q

Centrosomes start to move to the opposite poles of the cell

A

prophase

17
Q

Replicated centrosomes are located at the opposite poles of the cell

A

metaphase

18
Q

Replication of centrosomes

A

interphase

19
Q

Formation of cell plate and cleavage furrow

A

telophase

20
Q

What is the shortest stage of mitosis?

A

anaphase

21
Q

Each pole ends up with the same number of chromatids

A

anaphase

22
Q

Separated sister chromatids decondense

A

telophase

23
Q

What types of cells form a cell plate?

A

plant

24
Q

What types of cells form a cleavage furrow?

A

animal

25
Q

What happens in CYTOKINESIS?

A

cytoplasm divides into 2 identical daughter cells

26
Q

What happens in the G₀ PHASE?

A
  • when cells don’t continue dividing
  • inactive stage
  • quiescent state
27
Q

What is a CHROMOSOME?

A

a long DNA molecule made of two chromatids joined at the centromere

28
Q

What is a CHROMATID?

A

half of a chromsome

29
Q

What are SISTER CHROMATIDS?

A

duplicated DNA

30
Q

What is a CENTROMERE?

A

middle region of a chromosome

31
Q

What is a KINETOCHORE?

A

complex protein plane on the centromere that spindle fibers attach to

32
Q

What is a CENTROSOME?

A

barrel-shaped organelle in charge of microtubule organization

33
Q

What produces spindle fibers?

A

centrosomes

Biology (5 decks)

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