Meiosis Flashcards

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1
Q

How many chromosomes do humans have?

A
  • 23 pairs

- 46 chromosomes

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2
Q

What chromosome pair represents gender?

A

23rd

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3
Q

What do females have for their 23rd chromosome pair?

A

XX

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4
Q

What do males have for their 23rd chromosome pair?

A

XY

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5
Q

What does meiosis do?

A

reduces the no. of chromosomes

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6
Q

What does meiosis produce?

A

4 gamete, haploid cells

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7
Q

What are diploids denoted by?

A

2n

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8
Q

What are haploids denoted by?

A

1n

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9
Q

How many chromosomes do diploids have?

A

46

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10
Q

How many chromosomes do haploids have?

A

23

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11
Q

What are the stages of meiosis?

A
  • interphase
  • meiosis I
  • meiosis II
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12
Q

What are the stages of PROPHASE I?

A
  • leptotene
  • zygotene
  • pachytene
  • diplotene
  • diakinesis
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13
Q

What is MEIOSIS I?

A
  • reduction/heterotypic division

- homologous chromosomes are present at the beginning

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14
Q

Which takes more time, meiosis I or meiosis II?

A

meiosis I due to interphase

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15
Q

Chromosomes condense and become visible

A

leptotene

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16
Q

Synaptonemal complex forms and binds homologous chromosomes

A

synapsis in zygotene

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17
Q

Crossing over of chromosome traits

A

pachytene

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18
Q

What causes genetic variation?

A

crossing over

19
Q

Paired chromosomes begin to separate but stay attached at the chiasmata

A

diplotene

20
Q

Nuclear membrane disintegrates

A

diakinesis

21
Q

Alignment of the sister chromosomes at the center of the cell

A

metaphase I

22
Q

Nuclear membrane is completely disintegrated

A

metaphase

23
Q

Tetrads line up at the metaphase plate

A

metaphase I

24
Q

What’s another word for the metaphase plate?

A

equatorial plate

25
Q

Tetrads are pulled apart by spindle fibers and pulled to opposite poles

A

anaphase I

26
Q

Sister chromatids at the opposite poles start to decondense

A

telophase I

27
Q

Spindle fibers disappear

A

telophase I

28
Q

2 non-identical daughter cells are produced

A

cytokinesis I

29
Q

What is MEIOSIS II?

A
  • equational division

- individual chromosomes are present in the beginning

30
Q

Decondensed chromatids condense again

A

prophase II

31
Q

Nuclear envelope disintegrates again to let chromosomes align

A

prophase II

32
Q

Sister chromatids align at the metaphase plate

A

metaphase II

33
Q

Spindle fibers pull sister chromatids apart

A

anaphase II

34
Q

Non-kinetochore spindle fibers grow longer and extend the cell

A

anaphase II

35
Q

4 non-identical daughter cells are produced

A

cytokinesis II

36
Q

Similarities between mitosis and meiosis

A
  • preceded by interphase
  • common pathway (PMAT)
  • cytokinesis
37
Q

What are HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES?

A
  • 1 tetrad with one hormone from each parent

- same size and gene type

38
Q

What is a TETRAD?

A

group of four chromatids

39
Q

What is a SYNAPTONEMAL COMPLEX?

A

protein structure between homologous chromosomes

40
Q

What is the CHIASMA? (pl. chiasmata)

A

point of attachment of recombinant chromatids

41
Q

What does RECOMBINANT mean?

A

produced by shuffling of genetic info

42
Q

What is INTERKINESIS?

A

centrosome replicates before entering equational division

43
Q

What is NONDISJUNCTION?

A

failure to separate the homologous chromosomes/sister chromatids

44
Q

What does nondisjunction cause?

A

genetic disorders