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Biology > Cell Organelles > Flashcards

Cell Organelles Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What does organelles mean?

A

little organs

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2
Q

What are ORGANELLES?

A

separated membranous compartments

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3
Q

What are the common components of all cells?

A
  • plasma membrane
  • cytoplasm
  • DNA
  • ribosomes
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4
Q

What four main cellular structures are there inside a eukaryotic cell?

A
  • nucleus
  • endomembrane system
  • energy-related organelles
  • cytoskeleton
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5
Q

What are the parts of a nucleus?

A
  • nuclear membrane/envelope
  • nucleoplasm
  • nucleolus
  • nuclear pores
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6
Q

What are the parts of the endomembrane system?

A
  • rough ER
  • smooth ER
  • golgi body
  • vacuoles
  • lysosomes
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7
Q

What is a LYSOSOME?

A
  • suicide bomb of the cell

- digests macromolecules

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8
Q

Why are lysosomes called suicide bombs?

A

they engulf and digest/burst pathogens using hydrolytic enzymes

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9
Q

What counts as an energy-related organelle?

A
  • mitochondria

- chloroplasts

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10
Q

What is said to be the most important organelle?

A

mitochondria

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11
Q

What other types of plastids are there besides chloroplasts?

A
  • leucoplasts

- chromoplasts

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12
Q

What are LEUCOPLASTS?

A

colorless plastids for starch storage

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13
Q

What are CHROMOPLASTS?

A

plastids with different pigments, but are also for photosynthesis

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14
Q

What is the cytoskeleton composed of?

A
  • microfilament
  • microtubules
  • intermediate filaments
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15
Q

What do MICROFILAMENTS do?

A

assist cellular movement, cell division, and cytoplasmic streaming

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16
Q

What proteins are microfilaments made out of?

A

actin and myosin

17
Q

What do MICROTUBULES do?

A

help the movement of intracellular components

18
Q

Are microtubules smaller than microfilaments?

A

no, they’re bigger

19
Q

What are microtubules made out of?

A

alpha and beta tubulins

20
Q

What are flagella and cilia made out of?

A

microtubules

21
Q

What does FLAGELLA do?

A

facilitate cellular movement/locomotion

22
Q

What are CILIA in charge of?

A

locomotion and filtration

23
Q

What do INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS do?

A

maintain the shape of the cell by providing mechanical support for the plasma membrane, fixes organelles into place

24
Q

What are some specialized cell structures?

A
  • cell wall
  • peroxisome and glyoxysome
  • centrosomes
25
Q

What do PEROXISOMES do?

A

break down amino acids and fatty acids

26
Q

What do GLYOXYSOMES do?

A

converts stored fats into sugar

27
Q

What are CENTROSOMES composed of?

A

2 centrioles

Biology (5 decks)

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