Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Cell Modifications and Types > Flashcards

Cell Modifications and Types Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the five types of animal cells?

A
  • skin
  • muscle
  • fat
  • nerve
  • blood
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What’s another word for “muscle cells”?

A

myocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What’s another word for “fat cells”?

A

adipocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What’s another word for “nerve cells”?

A

neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What’s another word for “blood cells”?

A

hematocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the different types of skin cells?

A
  • melanocytes
  • keratinocytes
  • Langerhams cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is our first line of defense?

A

skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do MELANOCYTES do?

A

produce melanin for UV ray protection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do KERATINOCYTES do?

A

epidermal cells that protect us from foreign substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What do LANGERHAMS CELLS do?

A
  • eliminate foreign materials, viruses, and bacteria

- determine whether the skin response is inflammatory or tolerant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the different types of myocytes?

A
  • cardiac muscle
  • skeletal
  • smooth muscle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are CARDIAC MUSCLE cells in charge of?

A

involuntary actions like heart pumping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are SMOOTH MUSCLE cells?

A

non-striated cells found in the lining of hollow organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does “non-striated” mean?

A

smooth, thin muscle that isn’t controlled voluntarily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the different types of adipocytes?

A
  • white fat
  • brown fat
  • beige fat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What’s the function of WHITE FAT cells?

A

heat, insulation, and energy storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are BROWN FAT cells in charge of?

A

body heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are BEIGE FAT cells?

A

white fat cells that underwent browning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What do beige fat cells provide?

A

body heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What do neurons do?

A

help the nervous system process and transmit information

21
Q

What are neurons incapable of?

A

regeneration (they’re quiescent)

22
Q

What are the different types of hematocytes?

A
  • Red
  • White
  • Platelets
23
Q

What’s another term for “red blood cells”?

A

erythrocytes

24
Q

What’s another term for “white blood cells”?

A

leukocytes

25
Q

What’s another term for “platelets”?

A

thrombocytes

26
Q

What do LEUKOCYTES do?

A

eliminate foreign bodies

27
Q

What do THROMBOCYTES do?

A

blood clotting

28
Q

What do ERYTHROCYTES do?

A

transport oxygen

29
Q

What allows erythrocytes easy movement through blood vessels?

A

high deformability

30
Q

What shape enables erythrocytes to transport oxygen?

A

bioconcave disc

31
Q

Why do erythrocytes lose their nucleus as they mature?

A

to increase surface area for gas exchange for optimal oxygenification

32
Q

What are the different types of plant cells?

A
  • parenchyma
  • collenchyma
  • sclerenchyma
  • xylem
  • phloem
  • meristematic
  • epidermal
33
Q

What do PARENCHYMA cells do?

A

photosynthesis, protein storage, substance secretion

34
Q

What do COLLENCHYMA cells do?

A

support the plant and transport nutrients

35
Q

What do XYLEM cells do?

A

carry water, keep the plant hydrated

36
Q

What do PHLOEM cells do?

A

carry sugar/food and organic compound

37
Q

What do MERISTEMATIC cells do?

A

trigger root tip growth in seedlings

38
Q

What kind of cells are meristematic cells?

A

totipotent

39
Q

What does “totipotent” mean?

A

can differentiate into any cell type

40
Q

What do meristematic cells continuously undergo?

A

cell division and differentiation

41
Q

What do EPIDERMAL cells do?

A

protect against mechanical injury, water loss, and infection

42
Q

What is CELL MODIFICATION for?

A

adaptation in eukaryotic cells

43
Q

What are examples of modified cells?

A
  • stem
  • intestinal
  • neurons
  • erythrocytes
  • tracheal
  • sperm
44
Q

How are intestinal cells modified?

A

made of hair-like projections called MICROVILLI that increase the surface area to absorb nutrients better

45
Q

Where are microvilli located?

A

small intestine

46
Q

How are tracheal cells modified?

A

they have cilia that drives air impurities, foreign particles, and mucus secretions upwards

47
Q

What is the cause of coughing and sneezing?

A

tracheal cells

48
Q

What are stem cells?

A
  • capable of differentiation

- embryos

49
Q

What do SCHLERENCHYMA cells do?

A
  • same as parenchyma

- thick walls of lignin

Biology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions