Mitosis

Question 1

Prophase

Answer 1

• chromosomes condense (shorter + fatter)
• centrioles (tiny bundles of protein) move to opposite ends of cell
• forms spindle (network of protein fibres)
• nuclear envelope breaks down
• chromosomes lie free in cytoplasm

Question 2

Metaphase

Answer 2

• chromosomes (2 chromatids) line up along middle of cell
• chromosomes attach to spindle by centromere
• metaphase checkpoint: cell checks all chromosomes are attached to spindle

Question 3

Anaphase

Answer 3

• centromeres divide
• each pair of sister chromatids separate
• spindle contracts so chromatids pulled to opposite ends of the cell by centromere first

Question 4

Telophase

Answer 4

• chromatids reach opposite poles of spindle
• chromatids uncoil (long and thin) so called chromosomes again
• nuclear envelope forms around each group of chromosomes
• so now 2 nuclei

Question 5

Cytokinesis

Answer 5

-cytoplasm divides
Animal cells
-cleavage furrow forms 
-this divides cell membrane
-now 2 daughter cells genetically identical to original 
-begins in anaphase
-ends in telophase

Question 6

Interphase

Answer 6

-cell carries out normal functions and prepares to divide
-cells DNA unwinds and replicated to double genetic content
-organelles replicated
Cells ATP content is increased