mitosis Flashcards
what is the order of mitosis?
PMAT
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
what happens during prophase to the chromatin fibres?
they start to coil and condense to form chromosomes
what happens in the nucleus during prophase?
the nucleolus disappears
the nuclear membrane breaks down
what happens to the protein microtubules during prophase?
form spindle shape structures linking the poles of the cells
what happens in animal cells and some plant cells during prophase?
two centrioles migrate to opposite poles of the cell
what do centrioles do?
help in the formation of the spindle
what are centrioles?
cylindrical bundles of proteins
what do the spindle fibres do in prophase?
attach to specific areas on the centromeres and start to move the chromosomes to the centre of the cell
what happens by the end of prophase?
nuclear envelope has disappeared
what happens during metaphase?
chromosomes are moved by the spindle fibres to form a plane in the centre of the cell called the metaphase plate and held in position
what happens in anaphase?
centromeres holding together the pairs of chromatids divide
chromatids are separated and pulled to opposite poles of the cells by shortening spindle fibres
what give the chromatids the V shape during anaphase?
being dragged by their centromeres through the liquid cytosol
what are the chromatids called in telophase and why?
chromosomes because they have reached the poles
what happens during telophase?
two new sets of chromosomes assemble at each pole and the nuclear envelope reforms around them
cytokinesis begins
what do the chromosomes do during telophase?
start to uncoil
what happens in the nucleus during telophase?
nucleolus is formed
what is cytokinesis?
the division of the cell into two separate cells
what happens in an animal cell during cytokinesis?
a cleavage furrow forms around the middle of the cell as the cell-surface membrane is pulled inwards by the cytoskeleton until it is close enough to fuse around the middle
what happens during cytokinesis in a plant cell?
vesicles from the Golgi apparatus begin to assemble in the middle of the cell
they fuse with each other and the cell surface membrane dividing the cell into two
new sections of the cell wall form along the membrane in the middle.
