mitosis. Flashcards
to understand the cell cycle and cell division in mitosis.
what is mitosis?
the process where one parent cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells.
what is mitosis responsible for?
growth and repair.
what are the 4 main phases of mitosis?
prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase.
what are all the phases of mitosis?
interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase and cytokenisis.
what happens in interphase?
The cell prepares for cell division by copying its DNA and repairs damage.
how long is a cell in interphase?
for most of its life. 90%
what happens in prophase?
the duplicated DNA condenses into chromosomes, the nuclear membrane/nucleus begins to break down.
why does the DNA condense into chromosomes?
so that its easier for the DNA to move around, managed better and ensures that an even amount is divided
what happens in metaphase?
the nucleus/nuclear membrane completely breaks down and the chromosome line up in the middle of the cell.
spindle fibres attach each chromosome to centrioles.
where are the spindle fibres?
on opposite sides of the cell.
what is a centriole?
binds two chromosomes together.
what happens in anaphase?
the cells get pulled apart and separated by the spindle fibres on opposite sides of the cell.
what happens in telophase?
new nuclei/nuclear membranes form, produces two nuclei with identical sets of DNA.
what is cytokenisis?
the full division of cells.
what would happen without mitosis?
our bones and hair wouldnβt grow and we would quickly lose cells due to damage.
what is special about the daughter cells?
they are genetically identical to the parent cell and eachother.
how many cells would be produced after 2 cell cycles?
4 new cells.
what happens to the chromosomes before and after interphase?
before there are 46 chromosomes that are singular.
then there are 46 chromosomes, each chromosome has 2 sister chromatids (old + new strand), so there are 92 chromatids, and 46 chromsomes.
