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Mitosis Flashcards

1
Q

An organism’s DNA is organized into structures called ____.

A

Chromosomes

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2
Q

____ serve as vehicles for transmitting genetic information.

A

Chromosomes

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3
Q

Chromosomes serve as ____.

A

vehicles for transmitting genetic information

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4
Q

____ is the dispersed, diffused, uncoiled set of structure.

A

Chromatin

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5
Q

Two major processes involved in the genetic continuity of nucleated cells: ____.

A
  • Mitosis
  • Meiosis
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6
Q

____ leads to production of two cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

A

Mitosis

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7
Q

Mitosis leads to production of ____ with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

A

two cells

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8
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.

Mitosis leads to the production of daughter cells with reduced number of chromosomes from the parent cell.

A

False

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9
Q

____ reduces the genetic content and the number of chromosomes by half.

A

Meiosis

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10
Q

TRUE OR FALSE.

Meiosis leads to the production of daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

A

False

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11
Q

Meiosis produces ____ daughter cells.

A

four

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12
Q

The reduction in the number of chromosomes is important in the production of ____.

A

sex cells or gametes

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13
Q

The process of mitosis is important in all ____.

A

eukaryotic organisms

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14
Q

Can mitosis occur in asexual reproduction?

A

Yes (in single-celled organisms)

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15
Q

Karyo means ____.

A

nucleus

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16
Q

Nuclear division is also known as ____.

A

karyokinesis

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17
Q

The genetic material is partitioned into daughter cells during ____.

A

Nuclear division (Karyokinesis)

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18
Q

Nuclear division is followed by ____.

A

Cytoplasmic division (Cytokinesis)

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19
Q

Cytoplasmic division is also known as ____.

A

Cytokinesis

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20
Q

In the process of ____, the cell volume is partitioned into two parts and are enclosed in a distinct plasma membrane.

A

Cytokinesis

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21
Q

As the cytoplasm is reconstituted, organelles now will be formed either through ____.

A
  • Replication
  • Arise from existing structure
  • Synthesized denovo (anew)
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22
Q

We can associate mitotic activity in the basis for ____.

A

wound healing and cell replacement

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23
Q

____ is formed due to the abnormal production of cells.

A

Tumor

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24
Q

The ____ is a series of events that describe the sequence of activities a cell prepares for division and then divides.

A

Cell Cycle

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25
Stages of the Cell Cycle
1. **Interphase** * G1 * S Phase * G2 2. **Mitosis** * Prophase * Prometaphase * Metaphase * Anaphase * Telophase
26
____ is the initial stage of the cell cycle or the interval between divisions.
Interphase
27
Phases under Interphase
* G1 phase * S phase * G2 phase
28
____ is not devoted solely to the cell's growth and normal function, but also in the replication of the DNA.
Interphase
29
____ occurs before the cell enters mitosis.
DNA synthesis
30
DNA synthesis occurs ____ the cell enters ____.
before, mitosis
31
To check the initiation and completion of S phase, ____ is used to monitor it.
radioactive precursor
32
Radioactive precursor is used to ____.
Monitor the initiation and completion of the S phase
33
The two periods during interphase that does not have DNA synthesis are ____.
G1 and G2 phase
34
During the ____, intensive metabolic activity, cell growth, and cell differentiation are observed.
Interphase
35
# **Which Phase of Interphase?** Cells accomplished most of their growth
G1 Phase
36
# **Which Phase of Interphase?** Cells get bigger in size
G1 Phase
37
# **Which Phase of Interphase?** Cells make RNA proteins and organelles essential for DNA in S phase.
G1 Phase
38
# **Which Phase of Interphase?** Centromeres and components of centrosomes are also made
G1 Phase
39
# **Which Phase of Interphase?** Synthesis of DNA
S Phase
40
# **Which Phase of Interphase?** Synthesis of Centrosome
S Phase
41
# **Which Phase of Interphase?** "Checkpoint"
G2 Phase
42
# **Which Phase of Interphase?** Quality control is made
G2 Phase
43
# **Which Phase of Interphase?** Checking DNA integrity
G2 Phase
44
The checkpoint found in G2 phase is used for ____.
checking the integrity of the DNA
45
By the end of ____ phase, DNA has been replicated and cell volume has doubled.
G2
46
After the G2 phase, the cell enters ____.
Mitosis
47
At a point during G1, all cell follow one of two paths ____.
* Become quiescent or inactive, and enter G0 stage. * Complete the cycle
48
Example of a quiescent cell
stem cells
49
____ are unspecialized cells that can leave G0 phase.
Stem cells
50
____ cells are reversible, they can leave G0 phase or stay.
Quiescent
51
Cells that enter the G0 phase remain ____.
viable and metabolically active
52
Cells in the G0 phase are not ____.
proliferative
53
# **TRUE OR FALSE.** Cells in the G0 phase are proliferative.
False
54
In the ____ phase, the cell is neither dividing nor preparing for division.
G0 Phase
55
G0 phase is also known as the ____.
resting phase
56
Why do cells enter G0 phase?
* No longer need to divide * Lack necessary nutrients or energy to divide
57
____ are cells that are either too old, dysfunctional, or not capable of dividing.
Senescent cells
58
# **TRUE OR FALSE.** The chromosomes are visible during the interphase.
False
59
# **TRUE OR FALSE.** A genetic material is present in the interphase.
True
60
Phases of Mitosis
* Prophase * Prometaphase * Metaphase * Anaphase * Telophase
61
# **Which Phase of Mitosis?** Over half of mitosis is spent in the ____.
Prophase
62
# **Which Phase of Mitosis?** The centrioles migrate to opposite ends of the cell.
Prophase
63
The ____ migrate to the opposite ends of the cell.
Centrioles
64
____ are barrel-shaped structures.
Centrioles
65
# **Which Phase of Mitosis?** The centrosomes organize cytoplasmic microtubules into spindle fibers.
Prophase
66
The ____ are responsible for organizing microtubules into spindle fibers.
Centrosomes
67
# **Which Phase of Mitosis?** The nuclear envelope breaks down and disappear, and the nucleolus disintegrates.
Prophase
68
During prophase, the ____ breaks down and disappear.
Nucleus
69
During prophase, the ____ disintegrates.
Nucleolus
70
# **Which Phase of Mitosis?** The diffused chromatin fibers condenses, and the chromosomes become visible.
Prophase
71
During prophase, the diffused ____ condense.
Chromatin fibers
72
During prophase, the ____ become visible.
Chromosomes
73
The ____ appear as a double structure split longitudinally except at a point of constriction.
Chromosomes
74
The single point of constriction between the chromosomes is called ____.
Centromere
75
The two parts of each chromosomes are called ____.
Sister chromatids
76
The DNA contained in each chromatid is ____.
genetically identical
77
____ are protein complexes that hold sister chromatids together.
Cohesin
78
# **TRUE OR FALSE.** In prophase, the chromosomes are already double structures.
True
79
# **Which Phase of Mitosis?** The chromosomes migrate to the equatorial plane.
Prometaphase
80
The equatorial plane is also known as the ____.
Metaphase plate
81
The ____ is the midline region of the cell, a plane that lies perpendicular to the axis established by the spindle fibers.
Metaphase plate
82
____ refers to the period of chromosome movement.
Prometaphase
83
____ is the chromosome configuration following migration.
Metaphase
84
Migration is made possible by the ____.
binding of the spindle fibers to the kinetochore
85
____ is an assembly of multilayered plates of proteins associated with the centromere.
Kinetochore
86
____ is an enzyme which degrades the cohesion between the sister chromatids.
Separase
87
____ means "guardian spirit".
Shugoshin
88
____ is a protective protein that protects cohesin from being degraded.
Shugoshin
89
____ is the shortest stage of mitosis.
Anaphase
90
# **Which Phase of Mitosis?** The sister chromatids separate from one another, and pulled to opposite ends of the cell.
Anaphase
91
The process of separation of two sister chromatids is described as ____.
Disjunction
92
For the complete disjunction to occur, shugoshin must be degraded by ____.
Anaphase-promoting complex
93
Anaphase-promoting complex degrades ____ during anaphase.
Shugoshin
94
In anaphase, each migrating chromatid is referred to as ____.
daughter chromosome
95
# **Which Phase of Mitosis?** Final stage of mitosis
Telophase
96
# **Which Phase of Mitosis?** Two complete sets of chromosomes are present, one on each pole.
Telophase
97
# **Which Phase of Mitosis?** Cytokinesis occur
Telophase
98
What is the most significant stage in Mitosis?
Cytokinesis
99
Animal cells undergo constriction of the cytoplasm, producing ____.
cleavage furrow or cell furrow
100
A ____ is a characteristic of newly divided cells.
cleavage furrow or cell furrow
101
# **Which Phase of Mitosis?** The chromosomes begin to uncoil and become diffuse chromatin once again.
Telophase
102
During telophase, the ____ begin to uncoil.
Chromosomes
103
During telophase, the chromosomes begin to uncoil and become ____ once again.
diffused chromatin
104
# **Which Phase of Mitosis?** The nuclear envelope re-forms.
Telophase
105
# **Which Phase of Mitosis?** The spindle fibers disappear
Telophase
106
During telophase, the ____ disappear.
spindle fibers
107
# **Which Phase of Mitosis?** The nucleolus re-forms and become visible.
Telophase
108
At the completion of telophase, the cell enters the ____.
Interphase
109
If the starting number of chromosomes is 46, how many chromosomes are present at the beginning of Interphase, at the start of Mitosis, and at the end of Mitosis?
46
110
____ are only visible during mitosis and meiosis.
Chromosomes

Cytogenetics (5 decks)

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