Cells

Question 1

____ are highly varied and highly organized structures.

Answer 1

Cells

Question 2

Bone, blood, nerve and muscle cells are called ____.

Answer 2

Somatic cells (body cells)

Question 3

TRUE OR FALSE.

Somatic cells have one copy of the genome and are said to be haploid.

Answer 3

False

They are diploid (two copies of the genome)

Question 4

TRUE OR FALSE.

Sperm and egg cells have two copies of the genome and are said to be diploid.

Answer 4

False

They are haploid (one copy of the genome)

Question 5

____ lack nucleus and organelles.

Answer 5

Prokaryotes

Question 6

____ are nucleated and have organelles.

Answer 6

Eukaryotes

Question 7

2 Groups of Prokaryotes

Answer 7

• Eubacteria
• Archaea

Question 8

The chemical constituents of cells are ____.

Answer 8

• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Proteins
• Nucleic acids

Question 9

____ provide energy.

Answer 9

Carbohydrates

Question 10

____ provide insulation and store energy.

Answer 10

Lipids

Question 11

____ are important in blood clotting, nerve transmission, muscle contraction, and immunity, while other serve as catalysts.

Answer 11

Proteins

Question 12

____ are most important in genetics.

Answer 12

Nucleic acids

Question 13

All cells are surrounded by a ____, a covering that defines cell boundary.

Answer 13

Plasma membrane

Question 14

The ____ actively controls the movement of materials in and out of the cell.

Answer 14

Plasma membrane

Question 15

Most animal cells have ____.

Answer 15

Glycocalyx (cell coat)

Question 16

Glycocalyx contains ____ and ____.

Answer 16

glycoproteins and polysaccharides

Question 17

The ____ provides biochemical identity at the surface of cells.

Answer 17

Glycocalyx (cell coat)

Question 18

____ act as recognition site that transfer specific chemical signals across the cell membrane into the cell.

Answer 18

Receptor molecules

Question 19

The ____ is a membrane bound structure that houses the DNA.

Answer 19

Nucleus

Question 20

During the non-divisional phases of the cell cycle, the fibers are uncoiled and dispersed into ____.

Answer 20

chromatin

Question 21

During mitosis and meiosis, chromatin fibers coil and condense into ____.

Answer 21

chromatids (half of chromosome)

Question 22

The ____ is where the ribosomal RNA is synthesized.

Answer 22

Nucleolus

Question 23

____ is the collective portion of DNA that can code the rRNA.

Answer 23

Nucleolus Organizer Region (NOR)

Question 24

In prokaryotes, the genetic material is compacted into an unenclosed region called ____.

Answer 24

Nucleoid

Question 25

The remainder of the cell within the plasma membrane excluding the nucleus is called ____.

Answer 25

Cytoplasm

Question 26

The ____ includes a variety of organelles.

Answer 26

Cytoplasm

Question 27

The ____ is the fluid portion of the cytoplasm.

Answer 27

Cytosol

Question 28

The ____ appears smooth in places and rough in some.

Answer 28

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 29

____ serves as a site for synthesis of fatty acids and phospholipids.

Answer 29

Smooth ER

Question 30

____ is studded with ribosomes.

Answer 30

Rough ER

Question 31

____ are the sites of protein synthesis.

Answer 31

Ribosomes

Question 32

The ____ provide energy by breaking down nutrients from food.

Answer 32

Mitochondria

Question 33

____ are mainly found in plants, algae, etc. associated with photosynthesis.

Answer 33

Chloroplasts

Question 34

The ____ are pair of complex structure involved in the organization of spindle fibers.

Answer 34

Centrioles

Question 35

Centrioles are located in a specialized region called ____.

Answer 35

Centrosome

Question 36

The ____ is a meshwork of protein rods and tubules that molds the structures of the cell, positioning organelles, and providing shape.

Answer 36

Cytoskeleton

Question 37

Three Elements of Cytoskeleton

Answer 37

• Microtubules
• Microfilaments (Actin Filaments)
• Intermediate Filaments

Question 38

____ are long and hollow.

Answer 38

Microtubules

Question 39

____ provide many cellular movements.

Answer 39

Microtubules

Question 40

____ are composed of a pair of protein called tubulin.

Answer 40

Microtubules

Question 41

Microtubules are composed of a protein called ____.

Answer 41

Tubulin

Question 42

____ form the cilia, which are hair-like structures.

Answer 42

Microtubules

Question 43

____ are long and thin rods.

Answer 43

Microfilaments/Actin Filaments

Question 44

Microfilaments are composed of many molecules of the protein ____.

Answer 44

actin

Question 45

____ are composed of many molecules of the protein actin.

Answer 45

Microfilaments

Question 46

____ are solid and narrower than microtubules, they enable cells to withstand stretching and compression.

Answer 46

Microfilaments

Question 47

____ help anchor one cell to another.

Answer 47

Microfilaments

Question 48

____ are abundant in skin and nerve cells.

Answer 48

Intermediate Filaments

Question 49

In actively dividing cells, the ____ forms a strong inner framework that firmly attaches cells to each other and to the underlying tissue.

Answer 49

Intermediate Filaments