Cells Flashcards
____ are highly varied and highly organized structures.
Cells
Bone, blood, nerve and muscle cells are called ____.
Somatic cells (body cells)
TRUE OR FALSE.
Somatic cells have one copy of the genome and are said to be haploid.
False
They are diploid (two copies of the genome)
TRUE OR FALSE.
Sperm and egg cells have two copies of the genome and are said to be diploid.
False
They are haploid (one copy of the genome)
____ lack nucleus and organelles.
Prokaryotes
____ are nucleated and have organelles.
Eukaryotes
2 Groups of Prokaryotes
- Eubacteria
- Archaea
The chemical constituents of cells are ____.
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids
- Proteins
- Nucleic acids
____ provide energy.
Carbohydrates
____ provide insulation and store energy.
Lipids
____ are important in blood clotting, nerve transmission, muscle contraction, and immunity, while other serve as catalysts.
Proteins
____ are most important in genetics.
Nucleic acids
All cells are surrounded by a ____, a covering that defines cell boundary.
Plasma membrane
The ____ actively controls the movement of materials in and out of the cell.
Plasma membrane
Most animal cells have ____.
Glycocalyx (cell coat)
Glycocalyx contains ____ and ____.
glycoproteins and polysaccharides
The ____ provides biochemical identity at the surface of cells.
Glycocalyx (cell coat)
____ act as recognition site that transfer specific chemical signals across the cell membrane into the cell.
Receptor molecules
The ____ is a membrane bound structure that houses the DNA.
Nucleus
During the non-divisional phases of the cell cycle, the fibers are uncoiled and dispersed into ____.
chromatin
During mitosis and meiosis, chromatin fibers coil and condense into ____.
chromatids (half of chromosome)
The ____ is where the ribosomal RNA is synthesized.
Nucleolus
____ is the collective portion of DNA that can code the rRNA.
Nucleolus Organizer Region (NOR)
In prokaryotes, the genetic material is compacted into an unenclosed region called ____.
Nucleoid
The remainder of the cell within the plasma membrane excluding the nucleus is called ____.
Cytoplasm
The ____ includes a variety of organelles.
Cytoplasm
The ____ is the fluid portion of the cytoplasm.
Cytosol
The ____ appears smooth in places and rough in some.
Endoplasmic reticulum
____ serves as a site for synthesis of fatty acids and phospholipids.
Smooth ER
____ is studded with ribosomes.
Rough ER
____ are the sites of protein synthesis.
Ribosomes
The ____ provide energy by breaking down nutrients from food.
Mitochondria
____ are mainly found in plants, algae, etc. associated with photosynthesis.
Chloroplasts
The ____ are pair of complex structure involved in the organization of spindle fibers.
Centrioles
Centrioles are located in a specialized region called ____.
Centrosome
The ____ is a meshwork of protein rods and tubules that molds the structures of the cell, positioning organelles, and providing shape.
Cytoskeleton
Three Elements of Cytoskeleton
- Microtubules
- Microfilaments (Actin Filaments)
- Intermediate Filaments
____ are long and hollow.
Microtubules
____ provide many cellular movements.
Microtubules
____ are composed of a pair of protein called tubulin.
Microtubules
Microtubules are composed of a protein called ____.
Tubulin
____ form the cilia, which are hair-like structures.
Microtubules
____ are long and thin rods.
Microfilaments/Actin Filaments
Microfilaments are composed of many molecules of the protein ____.
actin
____ are composed of many molecules of the protein actin.
Microfilaments
____ are solid and narrower than microtubules, they enable cells to withstand stretching and compression.
Microfilaments
____ help anchor one cell to another.
Microfilaments
____ are abundant in skin and nerve cells.
Intermediate Filaments
In actively dividing cells, the ____ forms a strong inner framework that firmly attaches cells to each other and to the underlying tissue.
Intermediate Filaments
