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biology module 2 > mitosis > Flashcards

mitosis Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the main 2 processes of the cell cycle

A

mitotic phase
interphase

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2
Q

what are 3 stages of interphase

A

G1
S phase
G2

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3
Q

what happens at G1 (4 ways)

A

organelles replicate
transcription/translation
size of cell increases

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4
Q

why is transcription and translation needed in G1

A

proteins are needed for replication

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5
Q

what happens at G1 checkpoint

A

growth in size
check for DNA damage

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6
Q

what happens at the S phase (1 way)

A

chromosomes are replicated

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7
Q

what happens at G0

A

when cells exit the cell cycle

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8
Q

why would a cell enter G0

A

DNA damaged (senescent cell)

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9
Q

what happens G2 (3 ways)

A

transcription/ translation
chromosome repair
increased size of the cell (cell growth)
energy stores replaced

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10
Q

why can’t we see chromosomes in the interphase

A

they are not compressed at this point of the cell cycle,in the form of chromatin DNA is wrapped around histone proteins

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11
Q

why is chromatin in the interphase not visible

A

less condensed

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12
Q

what are the 4 stages of mitosis

A

prophase
metophase
anophase
telophase

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13
Q

what happens at prophase

A

chromosomes condense
nucleolus disappears
nuclear membrane breaks down
centrioles move to each pole

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14
Q

what happens at the metophase

A

spindle fibres has formed
chromosome at equator

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15
Q

what happens at the anophase

A

centromeres divide in 2
spindle fibres shorten (sister chromatids pulled to opposite ends)

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16
Q

what happens at the telophase

A

chromotids now referred as chromosomes
spindle appartus breaks down
nuclear membrane reform
nucleolus appears
chromosomes uncoil to chromatin

17
Q

what is cytokinesis

A

divides the whole cell in 2

18
Q

what happens at cytokinesis (steps)

A

central cell membrane pulled in by cytoskeleton
membranes use to form 2 cells
cytoplasm spilt

19
Q

give 2 ways mitosis is different in plant cells

A

centrioles don’t play a role in spindle fibres as there is no centrioles present in plant cells
vesicles from Golgi form the membrane structure not the cytoskeleton

20
Q

what is the equation for the mitotic index

A

cells in mitosis/total number of cells

21
Q

what are the 3 things that happen in interphase

A

cell growth
replication of chromosome
prepares for cell division

22
Q

describe the products of mitosis

A

2 identical daughter cells from a single parent cell

23
Q

state 2 ways in why humans need to mitosis

A

growth
cell repair

24
Q

what is a diploid cell

A

2 complete sets of cells

25
Q

is a sex cell haploid or diploid

A

haploid

26
Q

Explain why the DNA in two sister chromatids are identical

A

Semi conservative replication
Each DNA strands acts as a template

27
Q
A

biology module 2 (10 decks)

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