Cell structure Flashcards
what is the nucleus responsible for
contains the coded genetic information in the form of DNA molecules
what is the role of a nuclear membrane
protection of nucleus
what is the role of nuclear pores
allows molecules into and out of the nucleus
what proteins form chromatin in DNA
histones
what is the nucleolus responsible for
production of RNA
what is the role of mitochondria
site of cellular respiration
what is the inner membrane of a mitochondria called
cristae
what is the fluid interior in the mitochondria called
matrix
what are lysosomes responsible for
breaking down waste material using hydrolytic enzymes
what are 3 components of the cytoskeleton
microfilaments
microtubules
intermediate fibres
what are microfilaments responsible for
cell contraction
what are microtubules responsible for
act as tracks for the movement of vesicles and organelles
what are intermediate fibres responsible for
give mechanical strength for the cell
what are centrioles responsible for
organisation of spindle fibres
what is the role of RER
synthesis and transport of proteins
what is the role of SER
lipid and carbohydrate syntheis and storage
what is role of ribosomes
site of proteinsynethesis
what organelles contain ribosomes
chloroplasts
mitochondria
what is role of golgi apparatus
modifying and packaging proteins
describe the process of proteinsynthesis
1) trnascription of mRNA to DNA and moves out of nucleus via the nuclear pore
2) attach to a ribsosome in the RER where it is translated
3) vesicle fuges and murges with cell membrane to move out organelles
4) modified in the golgi apparatus
5) using vesicle, protein is transported to the plasma membrane where exocytosis occurs
what is the role of a cellulose cell wall
permeable to allow substances in and out
give the cell the shape
what is the role of a vacuole
make the cell rigid
storage of substances
what is the membrane of a vacuole called
tonoplast
what is the fluid in chloroplasts called
stroma
what are the size of ribosomes in eukaryotes and prokaryotes
prokaryotes- 70S
eukaryotes- 80S
what are prokaryotic cell walls made up of
peptidoglycan
define magnification
how many times larger the image is than the actual size of the object being viewed is
define resolution
the ability to distinguish between different entities
what is the resolution of TEM
0.5nm
what is the resolution of SEM
3-10nm
what image does TEM and SEM produce
TEM- 2D
SEM- 3D
