Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cells > Mitosis > Flashcards

Mitosis Flashcards

1
Q

What are Acellular RNA and how do they store genetic information

A

No cellular structure
Viruses
Double or single stranded DNA or RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are prokaryotes and where do they store genetic information.

A

Single cell organism that lacks a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles
E.e. Bacteria
Circular, single copy, naked double strand DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are eukaryotes and where do they store their genetic information

A

Diverse domain of organisms whose cells have a nucleus
E.g. protest, fungi, plants, animals
Linear, more than or equal to a single copy, histone bound DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a karyotype and how is it taken

A

An ordered, visual representation of the chromosomes in a cell
Take blood sample, treat cells with mitogen, then colchicine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What human chromosomes exist in homologous pairs

A

Chromosomes 1-22
X and Y are sex chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a Locus

A

Place on chromosome where gene lives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a gene

A

The basic unit of heredity passed from parent to offspring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is an allele

A

Alternating version/variants of a gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a homozygote

A

2 same alleles at locus for a gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a heterozygote

A

2 different alleles at locus for a gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What do multicellular organisms depend on cell division for

A

Development from a fertilised cell
Growth to adult
Repair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is interphase

A

The resting phase between successive mitotic divisions of a cell, or between the first and second division of meiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the mitotic phase

A

Phase of cell cycle where mitosis occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 3 sub phases of interphase

A

G1 phase - Metabolic activity, growth
S phase - Metabolic activity, growth, DNA syntheses
G2 phase - Metabolic activity, growth, preparation for cell division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the subdivisions of the Mitotic phase

A

Mitosis - replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei
Cytokinesis - separation into two new daughter cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a duplicated chromosome

A

Two sister chromatids, which later seperate (during mitosis)

17
Q

What is a centromere

A

Region of a chromosome to which the microtubules of the spindle attach, via the kinetochore, during cell devision

18
Q

What is mitosis

A

Production of two genetically identical daughter cells
Consists of five phases:
Prophase
Prometophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

19
Q

What is prophase

A

First phase of mitosis
Complex of DNA and proteins (chromatin) condenses into chromosomes inside nucleus
Early mitotic spindle forms outside nucleus (forms between two asters/centrosome which move appart)

20
Q

What is an aster

A

A cellular structure shaped like a star, consisting of a centrosome and its associated microtubules

21
Q

What is prometaphase

A

Second phase
Nuclear envelope disintegrates
Centrosomes have moved to opposite poles of the cell
Kinetochore microtubules connect via kinetochore to centromere of sister chromatids
Non Kinetochore microtubules connect to Non Kinetochore microtubules of opposite pole

22
Q

What is a kinetochore

A

A structure that connects microtubules to the sister chromatids

23
Q

What is Metaphase

A

Third phase
All pairs of linked sister chromatids line up along metaphase plate (equator of cell)
Centromeres specifically line up on metaphase plate
Centrosomes are at opposite poles of the cell

24
Q

What Is anaphase

A

Fourth phase
Kinetochore microtubules shrink, separating sister chromatids at centromere, pulled towards opposite poles
Non Kinetochore microtubules elongate and push the two poles apart

25
Q

What is telophase and Cytokinesis

A

Fifth (last) phase
Reverse of prophase and prometaphase
Spindle disappears
Nuclear membranes start to form again
Chromosomes decondense into chromatin
Furrow forming in middle of cell, separating into two daughter cells
Cytoplasm splits compleately, forming 2 daughter cells (cytokinesis)

26
Q

What chromosomes do the daughter cells of mitosis have

A

Each daughter cell has one copy of every chromosome

Cells (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions