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Cells > Building Blocks Of Cells > Flashcards

Building Blocks Of Cells Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 higher order structures of biological molecules

A

Building blocks
Macromolecules
Supramolecular assemblies
Organelles

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2
Q

What are examples of building blocks

A

Amino acids
Nucleobases
Simple carbohydrates
Glycerol, fatty acids
Hydrocarbon rings

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3
Q

What are examples of macromolecules

A

Proteins
DNA
RNA
Complex carbohydrates
Lipids

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4
Q

What are examples of supramolecular assemblies

A

Membranes
Ribosomes
Chromatin

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5
Q

What are examples of organelles

A

Nucleus
Mitochondria
Golgi
ER

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6
Q

What are the 4 main macromolecules that all life is composed of

A

Polysaccharides (complex carbohydrates)
Nucleic acids (DNA RNA)
Proteins
Lipids (non-polymeric macromolecule)

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7
Q

What are the 4 levels of carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharides (Simple carbohydrates)
Disaccharides (simple carbohydrates)
Oligosaccharides (complex carbohydrates)
Polysaccharides (complex carbohydrates)

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8
Q

What are monosaccharides

A

The single unit building block of carbohydrates
E.g. glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose, deoxyribose

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9
Q

What are disaccharides

A

Two monosaccharides joined together
e.g. glucose + fructose = sucrose
Galactose + glucose = lactose

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10
Q

What are oligosaccharides

A

Several monosaccharides linked together
3-10 monosaccharides

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11
Q

What are polysaccharides

A

Many monosaccharides linked together
>10 linked monosaccharides

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12
Q

What are polymers of monosaccharides called

A

Carbohydrates

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13
Q

What are the functions of carbohydrates

A

Recognition
Energy
Structure

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14
Q

What are polymers of nucleotides

A

Nucleic acids

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15
Q

What are proteins

A

Molecules by which cells perform their function in the whole organism
Polymers of amino acids

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16
Q

What are the functions of proteins

A

Structure
Regulation
Contraction
Transport
Storage
Protection
Canalisation
Toxins

17
Q

What are lipids

A

Not polymers
Heterogeneous
Hydrophobic

18
Q

What are the functions of lipids

A

Structure (Cholesterol and phospholipids in cell membrane)
Regulation
Energy

19
Q

What are macromolecules

A

Made of smaller units called building blocks
Organic biological molecules that are necessary for life
Most building blocks come together to form polymeric molecules, some form non polymeric molecules

Cells (33 decks)

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