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Cells > Human Movement And Sensation > Flashcards

Human Movement And Sensation Flashcards

1
Q

Outline the basic anatomical organisation of the nervous system

A

The Central Nervous System (CSN): brain and the spinal cord. Both composed of 2 general cell classes - neurons and glia
The peripheral Nervous System (PNS): peripheral nerves and ganglia. Both composed of 2 general cell classes - neurons and glia

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2
Q

What are the 2 general features of neurons

A

Cells specialised for transmission of information
Four morphological types

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3
Q

What are the 3 general features of Glia

A

Support for neurons
Five basic types (4 in CNS, 1 in PNS)
Each type has a specific function

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4
Q

What are the 4 structural components to a neuron cell, and their functions

A

Dendrite - Receive input, send info to cell body
Cell body - contains nucleus and organelles, sums input
Axon - carries electrical impulses (may or may not be myelinated)
Axon terminals - end of the axon, neurotransmitter release

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5
Q

What are groups of cell bodies in the CNS called

A

Nucleus

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6
Q

What are bundles of axons called in the CNS

A

Tract

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7
Q

What are groups of cell bodies in cerebral cortex (in CNS) called

A

Grey matter

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8
Q

What are bundles of axons in the cerebral cortex (in CNS) called

A

White matter

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9
Q

What are groups of cell bodies in the PNS called

A

Ganglia

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10
Q

What are bundles of axons in the PNS called

A

Nerve

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11
Q

What is the input zone of the neuron

A

Dendrites and the cell body
Receives chemical signals from other neurons

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12
Q

What is the summation zone of a neuron

A

Structure is Axon Hillock
Summation of inputs

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13
Q

What is the conduction zone of a neuron

A

Axon - may be quite long
Carry electrical signals between brain areas, to and from spinal cord, or from peripheral sensory receptions and to effector cells

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14
Q

What is the output zone

A

Axon terminals
Contact with input zone of other neurons or effectors
Release neurotransmitter = chemical signal

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15
Q

What is the axon hillock

A

Anatomical location where inputs are summated before action potential transmitted

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16
Q

What are the 4 morphological types of neuron cells

A

Multipolar, Bipolar, Unipolar, Anaxonic

17
Q

What are the characteristics of Multipolar neurons

A

Multiple processes emanate from the cell body

18
Q

What are the characteristics of bipolar neurons

A

Two processes emanate from the cell body

19
Q

What are the characteristics of unipolar neurons

A

One process emanates from the cell body, and then branches into dendrite and axon

20
Q

What are the characteristics of Anaxonic neurons

A

Anaxonic - axonless
No distinct axon
All processes look alike

21
Q

What are the 4 different types of glia in the CNS

A

Astrocytes, Microglia, Ependymal cells, Oligodendrocytes

22
Q

What are the features of Astrocytes

A

Supply nutrients to neurons
Ensheath blood capillaries
Injury response

23
Q

What are the 2 features of Microglia

A

Immune cells of the CNS
Engulf microorganisms and debris

24
Q

What are the 2 features of ependymal cells

A

Line fluid filled spaces of CNS
Have cilia (hair like processes) to circulate CSF (cerebrospinal fluid)

25
Q

What are the 2 features of oligodendrocytes

A

Support nerve fibres
Ensheath them with myelin

26
Q

What is the glia cell of the PNS, and its 3 features

A

Schwann
Support peripheral nerve fibres
Ensheath them with myelin
Similar to oligodendrocytes (of the CNS)

27
Q

What is the myelin sheath, where does it come from, and what is its function

A

Myelin sheath is lipid (fat/lipid bi layer) wrapped around axon
It comes from oligodendrocytes in the CNS, and Schwann cells in the PNS
It’s function is to increase conduction velocity

28
Q

What are the gaps between myelin sheaths called, and their function

A

Nodes of Ranvier
Increase conduction velocity

29
Q

Communication between neurons occurs through a junction called a…

A

Synapse

30
Q

What is the role of the presynaptic neuron involved in a synapse

A

Releases neurotransmitters (chemical signal) from axon terminal
Contains synaptic vesicles (neurotransmitter containing vesicles)

31
Q

What is the role of the post synaptic neuron in a synaptic junction

A

Contains receptors for neurotransmitter

32
Q

What is information going into the brain called

A

Afferent / Ascending

33
Q

What is information coming out of the brain called

A

Efferent / Decending

Cells (33 decks)

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