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Cells > Endomembrane And Bulk Transport > Flashcards

Endomembrane And Bulk Transport Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Endomembrane System

A

A membrane system interconnected by direct physical contact or transfer by vesicles

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2
Q

The endomembrane includes

A

Nuclear envelope
Endoplasmic reticulum (smooth and rough)
Golgi complex
Vesicles
Lysosomes
Vacuoles
Plasma membrane

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3
Q

Where does synthesis occur

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

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4
Q

Where are proteins labelled and packaged

A

Golgi complex

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5
Q

What delivers/transports proteins

A

Vesicles

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6
Q

Why can vesicles fuse with membrane of cell/organelles

A

Both have phospholipid bilayer

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7
Q

What are the functions of the smooth Endoplasmic reticulum
MLDS

A

Metabolism of carbohydrates
Lipid synthesis
Detoxification of drugs/poisons
Storage calcium ions

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8
Q

What is the functions of the rough Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Protein synthesis

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9
Q

Describe the path of proteins in the rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

Secreted and membrane bound proteins enter the lumen (interior) of rER
Processed by rER and the rest of the endomembrane system for release from the cell or retention on the cell membrane

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10
Q

What are the functions of the Golgi complex

A

Glycosylation - addition or modification of carbohydrates to proteins
Sorting Proteins - adds molecular markers to direct proteins to correct vesicle
Directing vesicle traffic - adds markers to vesicles leaving trans face to direct them to correct targets

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11
Q

What is the Golgi body

A

Series of membrane sacs and associated vesicles

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12
Q

What is meant by the Golgi body having polarity

A

Vesicles from endoplasmic reticulum arrive at the cis face
Processed vesicles leave at the trans face

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13
Q

How does the Golgi body sort proteins

A

Adds molecular marker to direct proteins to corresponding vesicle

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14
Q

How does Golgi complex direct vesicle traffic

A

Adds molecular tags to vesicles leaving the trans face to direct them to correct targets

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15
Q

What is a vesicle

A

A membrane bound, cytoplasm/fluid filled organelle

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16
Q

What are 3 types of vesicles

A

Transport vesicles
Secretory vesicles
Vacuoles

17
Q

What is the function of secretory vesicles

A

To release contents outside the cell

18
Q

What is the difference between vesicles and vacuoles

A

Vacuoles are larger than vesicles

19
Q

What is the name of artificial vesicles, and what are the used for

A

Liposomes
For drug and vaccine delivery

20
Q

What is exocytosis

A

The transport of material out of the cell, or delivery to the surface of the cell

21
Q

What is constitutive exocytosis

A

Releases extracellular matrix proteins

22
Q

What is regulated exocytosis

A

The controlled release of a substance

23
Q

What is endocytosis

A

The intake of material at the plasma membrane

24
Q

What is phagocytosis

A

The plasma membrane “reaching out”
Cell eating (solid materials)
Forms vacuole

25
Q

What is pinocytosis

A

Cell “drinking”
Uptake of extracellular fluid containing various solutes
Forms a vesicle
Non selective

26
Q

What is receptor mediated endocytosis

A

Specialised form of pinocytosis
Allows uptake bulk quantities of specific substances
Receptor proteins used to selectively capture required solute

27
Q

What are lysosomes

A

Membrane bound organelles made by rER and Golgi body containing Hydrolytic enzymes
Interior is acidic (required for enzyme activity)

28
Q

What is the function of lysosomes

A

They degrade proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acid
Release broken down products into cell

29
Q

Lysosomes digest unwanted cellular materials. What is this process called

A

Autophagy

30
Q

What are vacuoles

A

Large vesicles derived from rER and Golgi

31
Q

What is glycosylation

A

Addition/modification of carbohydrates to proteins

Cells (33 decks)

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