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Science > Mitosis > Flashcards

Mitosis Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

chromatin

A

unwound DNA

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2
Q

chromosome

A

tightly packed DNA found only during cell division

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3
Q

chromatids

A

each of 2 thread-like strands into which a chromosome divides during mitosis

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4
Q

sister chromatids

A

2 identical copies of a chromatid

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5
Q

centromere

A

a structure in a chromosome that holds the two chromatids together

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6
Q

spindle fibers

A

control the movement and separation of chromosomes during mitosis

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7
Q

centriole

A

helps in the formation of spindle fibers

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8
Q

nucleaur envelope

A

a membrane that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells

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9
Q

what happens in interphase

A

Chromatin is unwound
Here the cell grows in preparation for cell division.
Note the position of the centrioles.

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10
Q

what happens in prophase

A

Chromosomes become visible through a microscope.
Spindles begin to form.
Nuclear membrane disappears.
Centrioles begin moving toward the poles.
The chromosomes replicate and are seen as a pair of sister chromatids.

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11
Q

what happens in metaphase

A

he chromosomes, guided by the spindle fibers, line up in the middle of the dividing cell.
The centrosomes are at opposite ends (poles) of the cell.

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12
Q

centrosome

A

an organelle near the nucleus of a cell that contains the centrioles (in animal cells) and from which the spindle fibers develop in cell division.

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13
Q

what happens in anaphase

A

The two sister chromatids of each chromosome are pulled apart by the spindle fibers.
Chromosomes move away from each other toward the poles.

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14
Q

what happensi n telophase

A

the chromosomes have reached the poles.
Two new nuclear membranes form around each of the two separated sets of chromosomes.

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15
Q

what happens during cytokensis

A

he cell has divided into two daughter cells exactly like the parent cell

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16
Q

What are the order of the phases in mitosis

A

(interphase) phrophase,metaphase,anaphase,telophase,cytokensis.

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17
Q

What are the foru phases of the cell cycle

A

G1,S,G2,M

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18
Q

What happens in the G1 phase and how long does it take.

A

Period of cell growth and 10 hours.

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19
Q

what happens is the s phase and how long does it take

A

DNA copies itself and 8 hours.

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20
Q

what happens in the G2 phase and how long does it take

A

cell prepares for cell division and 5 hours

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21
Q

What happens in the M phase

A

mitosis occurs and 1 hour

22
Q

what phases of the cell cycle are part of interphase?

A

g1,s,g2

23
Q

When does the nuclear membrane start to disapear.

A

prophase

24
Q

when is the nuclear membrane completely gone.

A

metaphase

25
Q

When does the DNA duplicate

A

interphase

26
Q

mitosis

A

the separation of the nucleus to create 2 identical nuclei.

27
Q

Sexual reproduction

A

the production of an off spring with 2 parents,

28
Q

asexual reproduction.

A

the production of an offspring only including one parent,

29
Q

fission

A

a single cell splits into 2 cells (only in prokaryotic cells/bacteria.

30
Q

budding

A

offspring grows off a organism

31
Q

gene

A

a sequence of nitrogen bases that codes for the synthesis of one protein .instructions for making proteins

32
Q

mRNA

A

messenger RNA.Transcribes DNA instruction and brings the info to the ribosomes.

33
Q

tRNA

A

translates the coded instructions and brings certain amino acids to the chromosomes.

34
Q

amino acids

A

found throughout genetic code and brought to the ribosomes to create proteins.

35
Q

synthesis.

A

the process of combining two or more things

36
Q

dehydration synthesis

A

connecting of amino acids to create protiens.

37
Q

transcription

A

change form of DNA writing

38
Q

translation

A

makes amino acids into protiens

39
Q

regeneration

A

a piece of an organism is used to produce an offspring.

40
Q

spore formation

A

an organism releases specialized cells called spores.If they land in a favorable sport they will develop into offspring (mold)

41
Q

vegative propogation

A

a piece of a plant cutting is used to produce another plant.

42
Q

gamete

A

sex cell

43
Q

sperm

A

fertilizes the egg to create a zygote.

44
Q

egg

A

helps the fertilization process to create a zygote.

45
Q

meiosis

A

a form of cell divison where the cell doesn’t go through interphase therefore the daughter cell created only get half the DNA from the parent cell.

46
Q

zygote

A

a diploid cell produced after fertilization

47
Q

haploid

A

one set of chromosomes

48
Q

diploid

A

a cell that contains 2 sets of chromosomes from each parent.

49
Q

DNA

A

the master copy of genetic instruction for making protiens. contains genes.

50
Q

What are the results of mitosis

A

2 daughter cells

51
Q

what is the francus watson and crick model.

A

DNA strands

Science (6 decks)

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