Mitosis Flashcards
chromatin
unwound DNA
chromosome
tightly packed DNA found only during cell division
chromatids
each of 2 thread-like strands into which a chromosome divides during mitosis
sister chromatids
2 identical copies of a chromatid
centromere
a structure in a chromosome that holds the two chromatids together
spindle fibers
control the movement and separation of chromosomes during mitosis
centriole
helps in the formation of spindle fibers
nucleaur envelope
a membrane that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells
what happens in interphase
Chromatin is unwound
Here the cell grows in preparation for cell division.
Note the position of the centrioles.
what happens in prophase
Chromosomes become visible through a microscope.
Spindles begin to form.
Nuclear membrane disappears.
Centrioles begin moving toward the poles.
The chromosomes replicate and are seen as a pair of sister chromatids.
what happens in metaphase
he chromosomes, guided by the spindle fibers, line up in the middle of the dividing cell.
The centrosomes are at opposite ends (poles) of the cell.
centrosome
an organelle near the nucleus of a cell that contains the centrioles (in animal cells) and from which the spindle fibers develop in cell division.
what happens in anaphase
The two sister chromatids of each chromosome are pulled apart by the spindle fibers.
Chromosomes move away from each other toward the poles.
what happensi n telophase
the chromosomes have reached the poles.
Two new nuclear membranes form around each of the two separated sets of chromosomes.
what happens during cytokensis
he cell has divided into two daughter cells exactly like the parent cell
What are the order of the phases in mitosis
(interphase) phrophase,metaphase,anaphase,telophase,cytokensis.
What are the foru phases of the cell cycle
G1,S,G2,M
What happens in the G1 phase and how long does it take.
Period of cell growth and 10 hours.
what happens is the s phase and how long does it take
DNA copies itself and 8 hours.
what happens in the G2 phase and how long does it take
cell prepares for cell division and 5 hours
What happens in the M phase
mitosis occurs and 1 hour
what phases of the cell cycle are part of interphase?
g1,s,g2
When does the nuclear membrane start to disapear.
prophase
when is the nuclear membrane completely gone.
metaphase
When does the DNA duplicate
interphase
mitosis
the separation of the nucleus to create 2 identical nuclei.
Sexual reproduction
the production of an off spring with 2 parents,
asexual reproduction.
the production of an offspring only including one parent,
fission
a single cell splits into 2 cells (only in prokaryotic cells/bacteria.
budding
offspring grows off a organism
gene
a sequence of nitrogen bases that codes for the synthesis of one protein .instructions for making proteins
mRNA
messenger RNA.Transcribes DNA instruction and brings the info to the ribosomes.
tRNA
translates the coded instructions and brings certain amino acids to the chromosomes.
amino acids
found throughout genetic code and brought to the ribosomes to create proteins.
synthesis.
the process of combining two or more things
dehydration synthesis
connecting of amino acids to create protiens.
transcription
change form of DNA writing
translation
makes amino acids into protiens
regeneration
a piece of an organism is used to produce an offspring.
spore formation
an organism releases specialized cells called spores.If they land in a favorable sport they will develop into offspring (mold)
vegative propogation
a piece of a plant cutting is used to produce another plant.
gamete
sex cell
sperm
fertilizes the egg to create a zygote.
egg
helps the fertilization process to create a zygote.
meiosis
a form of cell divison where the cell doesn’t go through interphase therefore the daughter cell created only get half the DNA from the parent cell.
zygote
a diploid cell produced after fertilization
haploid
one set of chromosomes
diploid
a cell that contains 2 sets of chromosomes from each parent.
DNA
the master copy of genetic instruction for making protiens. contains genes.
What are the results of mitosis
2 daughter cells
what is the francus watson and crick model.
DNA strands
