Mitochondria / ROS Flashcards
Do mitochondria create energy?
No, they extract it from organic compounds.
What is oxidation metabolism also refereed to?
Cellular respiration
Where is the actual energy saved in the cell?
high energy phosphate bonds in compounds such as Adenine Phosphate (ATP)
Where mitochondria found in the cell?
Close to the site of energy consumption in the cell.
what are the shelf like projections of the mitochondria’s inner membrane called?
Cristae
Where in the mitochondria are the respiratory chain enzymes and transport proteins needed for ATP synthesis found?
Inner membrane
Which organelle is a key regulator of apoptosis?
Mitochondria
What precipitates apoptosis?
Increased mitochondrial permeability.
What is an ROS
Reactive Oxygen Species
What has been determined to be the etiology of cell injury to multiple diseases?
ROS
What can low rates of apoptosis lead to?
Cancer
What disease is a result of increased apoptosis rate?
Neuro degenerative illness
List examples of ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species)
- Superoxide
- Hydroxyl radical
- Hydrogen peroxide
How are ROS’s produced?
- By normal metabolic processes or cell activities, such as the metabolic burst that accompanies phagocytosis.
- Exogenous causes:
- Ionizing and UV radiation.
How does the body neutralize oxygen free radicals?
Production of Scavengers:
- Superoxide dismutase
- Catalase
- Glutathione
Antioxidant Intake: Selenium -Carotenoids Flavonoids Ubiquinols Vitamins C & E
