Missed Qs From Exam 1

Question 1

Tiedeman’s career decision making model links vocational identity development to:
a) cognitive maturation
b) ego identity development
c) career maturity
d) life roles

Answer 1

b) ego identity development

Question 2

Functional neuroimaging techniques include all of the following except:
a) CT
b) rMRI
c) PET
d) SPECT

Answer 2

a) CT

Question 3

Therapy based on Boyd-Franklin’s (1989) multisystems model:
a. combines components of the treatment process with levels at which the therapist can provide treatment
b. includes interventions that target the microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and chronosystem
c. combines individual interventions for each family member with group therapy and family therapy
d. involves progressively intervening at the individual, family and community levels

Answer 3

a. combines components of the treatment process with levels at which the therapist can provide treatment

Question 4

The 2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (SAMHSA, 2016) found that the largest percentage of respondents ages 12 to 17 used which of the following in the previous month?
a. tobacco
b. cocaine
c. alcohol
d. marijuana

Answer 4

c. alcohol

Question 5

Which of the following is a type of counterbalanced design?
a. Solomon four-group
b. Latin square
c. factorial
d. multiple-baseline

Answer 5

b. Latin square

Question 6

Research comparing mental health care service utilization rates and premature therapy drop out rates of heterosexual and PGBTQ men and women has found that:
a. heterosexual men and women have nigher utilization and drop out rate
b. LGBTQ men and women have higher utilization and dropout rates
c. heteraosexual men and women have a higher utilization rate, but LGBTQ men and women have a higher dropout rate.
d. LGBTQ men and women have a higher utilization rate, but heterosexual men and women have a higher dropout rate.

Answer 6

b. LGBTQ men and women have higher utilization and dropout rates

Question 7

Cataplexy, hypocretin, and short rapid eye movement sleep latency are symptoms of:
a. narcolepsy
b. sleep apnea
c. temporal lobe seizures
d. Tourette’s syndrome

Answer 7

a. narcolepsy

Question 8

An advocate of leader-member exchange theory is most likely to agree that:
a. leaders have qualitatively different relationships with in-group and out-group subordinates
b. leaders have qualitatively different relationships with introverted and extraverted coworkers
c. leaders are most effective when they combine a high degree of consideration with a high degree of initiating structure
d. leaders are most effective when they tailor rewards and other outcomes to each worker’s needs

Answer 8

a. leaders have qualitatively different relationships with in-group and out-group subordinates

Question 9

Which of the following describes the relationship btn a test’s reliability coefficient and its criterion-related validity coefficient?
a. CRVC can be no greater than its RC
b. CRVC can be no greater than the square root of its RC
c. CRVC can be no greater than the square root of 1 minus its RC

Answer 9

b. CRVC can be no greater than the square root of its RC

Question 10

Privilege refers to:
a. the ethical requirement to protect a client’s confidentiality
b. the legal requirement to protect a client’s right to privacy
c. the legal and ethical requirement to disclose confidential client information only with appropriate authorization to do so.
d. the legal requirement to protect client confidentiality in court testimony, depositions, and other legal proceedings.

Answer 10

d. the legal requirement to protect client confidentiality in court testimony, depositions, and other legal proceedings.

Question 11

Picture of knife- briefly presented to Rt visual field of a split-brain pt, and pic/FORK is presented to Lt visual field. When asked to verb ID what he has seen:
a. able to say “knife and although he can’t say fork, will be able to pick out a fork with Lt hand
b. able to say “fork” and although he can’t say knife, will be able to pick out a knife with his Rt hand.
c. able to say “knife”, but won’t be able to say “fork” or pick up a fork with his Rt/Lt hand
d. able to say “knife”, but won’t be able to say “knife” or pick out a knife with his Rt/Lt hand

Answer 11

a. able to say “knife and although he can’t say fork, will be able to pick out a fork with Lt hand

Question 12

Neurocognitive disorders due to Alzheimer’s disease and neurocognitive disorder with Lewy bodies (NCDLB) can be difficult to distinguish, especially in their early stages, but there are differences. Which of the following does NOT accurately describe a dif btn the 2 disorders?
a. Motor disturbance are more prominent in early Alzheimer’s disease than in early NCDLB
b. Memory loss is usually a more prominent early symptom of early Alz disease than NCDLB.
c. Nonvisual hallucinations and systematized delusions are more common in early NCDLB than in early Alz D
d. Orthostatic hypotension and other autonomic disturbances are more common in early NCDLB than in early Alz D

Answer 12

a. Motor disturbance are more prominent in early Alzheimer’s disease than in early NCDLB

Question 13

A patient with severe hemiplegia caused by a lesion in the Rt side of her brain denies she has any problems moving her Lt arm and leg. This woman’s lack of awareness of her physical impairment is referred to as:
a. anomia
b. paresthesia
c. anosognosia
d. prosopagnosia

Answer 13

c. anosognosia

Question 14

A drug that’s classified as a(n) ______ of a specific neurotransmitter inhibits the effects of the neurotransmitter.
a. agonist
b. antagonist
c. inverse agonist
d. partial agonist

Answer 14

b. antagonist

Question 15

An organizational psychologist would most likely be hired by a company to conduct a job evaluation for the purpose of:
a. establishing comparable worth
b. determining the training needs of newly hired employees
c. developing performance appraisal measures
d. writing detailed job descriptions

Answer 15

a. establishing comparable worth

Question 16

Which of the following is most consistent with ethical guidelines for contingent fees?
a. accepting contingent fees is prohibited under any circumstances.
b. accepting contingent fees should usually be avoided.
c. accepting contingent fees is acceptable when all parties voluntarily agree to this agreement.
d. accepting contingent fees is acceptable as long as it is not prohibited by laws.

Answer 16

b. accepting contingent fees should usually be avoided.

Question 17

A middle-aged woman believes that aliens are controlling everything she does, making her do things. Her daughter says that she refuses to change her mind. The woman’s belief is an example of:
a. magical thinking
b. delusion
c. illusion
d. idea of reference

Answer 17

b. delusion

Question 18

The court’s ruling in the 1979 case of Larry P v. Wilson Riles:
a. prohibited businesses from using IQ tests to make hiring decisions.
b. prohibited schools from using IQ tests to place African American children in special education classes.
c. granted all children with disabilities the right to be provided with public education in the least restrictive environment.
d. granted businesses the right to use cognitive ability tests to make employment decision as long as the tests have adequate validity.

Answer 18

b. prohibited schools from using IQ tests to place African American children in special education classes.

Question 19

Moscovici’s (1980) research on minority influence found that a group member with a minority opinion must rely on which of the following to persuade members with the opposing (majority) opinion to adopt his or her opinion?
a. informational influence
b. normative influence
c. behavioural style
d. psychological reactance

Answer 19

c. behavioural style

Question 20

An assumption of dialectical behavior therapy is that borderline personality disorder is attributable to which of the following?
a. inadequate response-contingent reinforcement
b. split perceptions of self and others into unrealistic extremes
c. emotion dysregulation
d. dysfunctional self-schemas

Answer 20

c. emotion dysregulation

Question 21

Which of the following is true about the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)?
a. SSRIs have a better tolerability profile than the TCAs and greater safety in overdose.
b. TCAs have a better tolerability profile than the SSRIs and greater safety in overdose.
c. SSRIs have a better tolerability profile than the TCAs, but TCAs have greater safety in overdose.
d. TCAs have a better tolerability profile than the SSRI, but SSRIs have greater safety in overdose.

Answer 21

a. SSRIs have a better tolerability profile than the TCAs and greater safety in overdose.

Question 22

An organizational psychologist is hired by the owner of Best Plumbing Supply to determine why so many of her employees seem to have low levels of job motivation and satisfaction. The owner says she recently gave employees salary increases and bonuses for outstanding performance, but this did not have a noticeable effect. Being familiar with ____________, the psychologist will most likely tell the owner that, to increase motivation and satisfaction, she should redesign the employees’ jobs so they provide opportunities for autonomy, responsibility, and advancement.
a. two-factor theory
b. equity theory
c. goal-setting theory
d. situational leadership theory

Answer 22

a. two-factor theory

Question 23

Which of the following is a culture-reduced measure of fluid intelligence?
a. Kuhlmann-Anderson
b. Raven’s Progressive Matrices
c. woodcock-Johnson
d. Slosson Intelligence Test

Answer 23

b. Raven’s Progressive Matrices

Question 24

You have been seeing Evan in therapy for 4 mts to treat his social anxiety. Although Evan seemed to make progress in the first few weeks, his symptoms have not changed since then and you do not think he’s benefitting from treatment. When you bring up the possibility of ending therapy and referring him to another therapist, Evan says he feels therapy is very helpful and wants to continue. In terms of ethical requirements:
a. continue seeing Evan in therapy since he believes he’s benefitting from it.
b. continue seeing Evan in therapy if you can agree on specific treatment goals but, if not, set a termination date.
c. continue seeing Evan in therapy for several more sessions but, if nothing changes, bring up the possibility of ending therapy again.
d. explain to Evan why you believe he’s not benefitting from therapy and refer him to another therapist.

Answer 24

b. continue seeing Evan in therapy if you can agree on specific treatment goals but, if not, set a termination date.

Question 25

____________ consists of three overlapping stages: conceptualization, skill acquisition and rehearsal, and application and follow-through.
a. Self-instructional training
b. Stress inoculation training
c. Problem-solving therapy
d. Motivational interviewing

Answer 25

b. Stress inoculation training

Question 26

8 mts ago, on the 1-year anniversary of the death of her mother due to a brain tumor, 47-year-old Gale began experiencing frequent headaches and dizziness nearly every day. Gale has worried constantly about her health since then and has been spending hours each day searching for information on brain tumors on the Internet. Gale’s worrying and time on the Internet has kept her from spending time with her husband, two teen-age daughters, and friends. Gale has had two MRIs that showed no sign of a tumor, and her doctor has been unable to find an explanation for her headaches and dizziness. Based on these symptoms, the most likely diagnosis for Gale is:
a. conversion disorder
b. body dysmorphic disorder
c. somatic symptom disorder
d. illness anxiety disorder

Answer 26

c. somatic symptom disorder

Question 27

Dr. Edison is a behavior therapist who specializes in treating cigarette smoking, nail biting, … undesirable habits. While at a charity fundraiser, he meets the editor of a local newspaper and they agree that Dr. Edison will help the editor stop smoking in exchange for an article about his services in the newspaper. In terms of ethical requirements, this arrangement is:
A. acceptable as long as it does not interfere with Dr. Edison’s ability to provide treatment to the editor in an objective, competent manner.
B. acceptable as long as Dr. Edison and the editor agree that it’s an equitable exchange.
C. unacceptable because psychologists are prohibited from compensating employees of newspapers in exchange for a newspaper article about their services.
D. unacceptable because psychologists are required to avoid conflicts of interest.

Answer 27

C. unacceptable because psychologists are prohibited from compensating employees of newspapers in exchange for a newspaper article about their services.

Question 28

Research on medical cost offset has found that:
A. providing appropriate medical care to patients reduces expenditures on psychotherapy.
B. providing appropriate medical care to patients reduces expenditures on psychotherapy only for patients with a chronic psychiatric disorder.
C. providing psychotherapy to patients reduces expenditures on medical care.
D. providing psychotherapy to patients reduces expenditures on medical care only for patients who do not have a chronic medical condition.

Answer 28

C. providing psychotherapy to patients reduces expenditures on medical care.

Question 29

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder is characterized by recurrent temper outbursts with:
A. a persistently irritable or angry mood between outbursts.
B. a persistently manic or hypomanic mood between outbursts.
C. extreme mood lability between outbursts.
D. moderate or severe depression between outbursts.

Answer 29

A. a persistently irritable or angry mood between outbursts.

Question 30

In response to the “Heinz dilemma,” some of Kohlberg’s research subjects said it was wrong for Heinz to steal a drug to try to save his dying wife because Heinz would get caught and sent to jail. This response is characteristic of Kohlberg’s __________ level of moral development.
A. unconventional
B. preconventional
C. conventional
D. postconventional

Answer 30

B. preconventional

Question 31

A test developer would use the multitrait-multimethod matrix to evaluate a test’s:
A. incremental validity.
B. criterion-related validity.
C. construct validity.
D. differential validity.

Answer 31

C. construct validity.

Question 32

The technique known as orgasmic reconditioning has been identified as an effective treatment for which of the following?
A. delayed ejaculation
B. female orgasmic disorder
C. premature ejaculation
D. paraphilic disorder

Answer 32

C. premature ejaculation

Question 33

Regulated breathing has been found to be an effective treatment for which of the following?
A. childhood-onset fluency disorder
B. dysarthria
C. intermittent explosive disorder
D. central sleep apnea

Answer 33

A. childhood-onset fluency disorder

Question 34

Restitution and positive practice are components of which of the following?
A. response cost
B. Premack principle
C. overcorrection
D. differential reinforcement

Answer 34

C. overcorrection

Question 35

A researcher wants to evaluate the effects of virtual reality exposure for treating the storm, height, and spider phobias of a 34-year-old woman. The best single-subject research design for evaluating this treatment is which of the following?
A. multiple baseline
B. reversal
C. discrete trials
D. time series

Answer 35

A. multiple baseline

Question 36

____________ syndrome affects males, is due to the presence of an extra X chromosome, and causes a number of physical abnormalities.
A. Prader-Willi
B. Angelman
C. Klinefelter
D. Turner

Answer 36

C. Klinefelter

Question 37

The body’s “fight-or-flight” response is mediated by which of the following?
A. limbic system
B. reticular activating system
C. parasympathetic nervous system
D. sympathetic nervous system

Answer 37

D. sympathetic nervous system

Question 38

At the beginning of the school year, a researcher tells a first-grade teacher that a test had been administered to all students in kindergarten and the results indicated that five of her 22 students – Bob G., Liang C., Ellen A., Isadore R., and Lucia V. – will show significant gains in academic achievement this year. Even though the 5 children were actually randomly selected, all showed significant gains in academic skills by the end of the school year. Which best explains these results?
A. the Hawthorne effect
B. the Rosenthal effect
C. the positive halo effect
D. the confirmation bias

Answer 38

B. the Rosenthal effect

Question 39

To be consistent with APA guidelines, you would not use which of the following to describe research participants in an article about your study?
A. transgender women
B. Native American adolescents
C. the autism spectrum disorder group
D. physically challenged adults

Answer 39

D. physically challenged adults

Question 40

An advanced sleep phase is most characteristic of:
A. adults deprived of REM sleep.
B. individuals who are blind.
C. older adults.
D. infants.

Answer 40

C. older adults

Question 41

According to Berry’s (1990) acculturation model, a person is ____________ when he or she has rejected his or her own minority culture and the dominant culture.
A. marginalized
B. separated
C. unacculturated
D. transmutated

Answer 41

A. marginalized

Question 42

The test manual for an academic achievement test indicates that it has an alternate forms reliability coefficient of .80. This means that _____ of variability in test scores is true score variability.
A. 80%
B. 64%
C. 36%
D. 20%

Answer 42

A. 80%

Question 43

To use the Taylor-Russell tables to estimate a predictor’s incremental validity, you need to know the predictor’s criterion-related validity coefficient and which of the following?
A. selection ratio and base rate
B. selection ratio and number of job openings
C. base rate and positive hit rate
D. number of job openings and positive hit rate

Answer 43

A. selection ratio and base rate

Question 44

Vicarious liability refers to which of the following?
A. an employer’s legal responsibility for the acts of his/her employees
B. a chief investigator’s responsibility for the welfare of his/her research subjects
C. an employer’s “psychological contract” with his/her employees
D. a therapist’s obligation to maintain client confidentiality

Answer 44

A. an employer’s legal responsibility for the acts of his/her employees

Question 45

Dr. Axelrod’s new client is Michael Moreland, a 35-year-old African American man. Mr. Moreland has worked steadily as a dishwasher since he was 17, but he was laid off 6 mts ago and has been unable to find a job. His presenting symptoms suggest he’s dealing with depression. Dr. Axelrod, a White middle-class cognitive behavioral therapist, specializes in treating depression but hasn’t worked with African American or low-income clients. However, he wants to expand his scope of practice to include members of populations he has not yet worked with. To be consistent with ethical requirements, Dr. Axelrod should:
A. agree to see Mr. Moreland in therapy as long as he consults while doing so with a colleague who has experience working with African American and low-income clients.
B. agree to see Mr. Moreland in therapy but monitor his effectiveness and obtain relevant education if needed.
C. refer Mr. Moreland to another therapist who has experience working with low-income and African American clients.
D. explain his lack of experience to Mr. Moreland and let him decide whether or not to continue therapy.

Answer 45

A. agree to see Mr. Moreland in therapy as long as he consults while doing so with a colleague who has experience working with African American and low-income clients.

Question 46

Your new client is Maureen, a 21-year-old college junior, who says she’s ordinarily a shy, calm person who doesn’t have trouble getting things done. However, for the last three weeks, she’s been jumping from one project to another without finishing anything, gets irritated by just about everything, is more talkative than usual, and has a lot of energy even though she’s not getting enough sleep. Maureen says that, because of her symptoms, she hasn’t been able to concentrate while studying and she failed an exam last week for the first time in her life. Maureen’s symptoms are most suggestive of which of the following?
A. bipolar I disorder
B. bipolar II disorder
C. cyclothymic disorder
D. ADHD

Answer 46

A. bipolar disorder

Question 47

Factor Index scores on the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, Fifth Edition (SB5) have a mean of _____ and standard deviation of _____.
A. 10; 3
B. 15; 5
C. 100; 12
D. 100; 15

Answer 47

D. 100; 15

Question 48

Of the Big Five personality traits, _______________ have been found to be most predictive of leader effectiveness.
A. openness and conscientiousness
B. extraversion and conscientiousness
C. agreeableness and emotional stability
D. openness and dependability

Answer 48

B. extraversion and conscientiousness

Question 49

The standard error of the mean increases in size as the:
A. population standard deviation and sample size decrease.
B. population standard deviation and sample size increase.
C. population standard deviation increases and sample size decreases.
D. population standard deviation decreases and sample size increases.

Answer 49

C. population standard deviation increases and sample size decreases.

Question 50

Dr. Dennis, an organizational psychologist, is hired by a company to develop and validate a new selection test for customer service reps. When she conducts a concurrent validity study on the test she develops, Dr. Dennis finds that it has a validity coefficient of .65 for men and a validity coefficient of .20 for women. The test has:
A. differential validity for men and women.
B. divergent validity for men and women.
C. differential selection for men and women.
D. inadequate validity for both men and women.

Answer 50

A. differential validity for men and women.

Question 51

Your new client is Adam, a 19-year-old college sophomore, who says his restlessness, inability to concentrate, and impulsiveness are interfering with his ability to do well in his classes. He tells you that, when he was a child, his pediatrician thought he had attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. However, his symptoms – especially his hyperactivity – started “getting better” when he was in high school. To assign a diagnosis of ADHD to Adam, he must have at least:
A. five symptoms of inattention and/or five symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity.
B. six symptoms of inattention and/or six symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity.
C. a total of five symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and/or impulsivity.
D. a total of six symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and/or impulsivity.

Answer 51

A. five symptoms of inattention and/or five symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity.

Question 52

When conducting a one-way ANOVA, an F-ratio is calculated by dividing the mean square between (MSB) by the mean square within (MSW). The mean square between provides an estimate of variability in dependent variable scores due to:
A. treatment effects only.
B. error only.
C. treatment effects plus error.
D. treatment effects minus error.

Answer 52

C. treatment effects plus error.

Question 53

When a test has a standard deviation of 10, the test’s standard error of measurement will fall between:
A. 0 and 10
B. 10 and 1.0
C. 0 and 1.0
D. -1.0 and +1.0

Answer 53

A. 0 and 10

Question 54

In a normal distribution of scores, a T-score of _____ is equivalent to a z-score of _____ and a percentile rank of 84.
A. 50; 0
B. 50; 1.0
C. 60; 1.0
D. 70; 2.0

Answer 54

C. 60; 1.0

Question 55

According to Fiedler’s (1967) contingency theory, a low LPC leader is most effective in:
A. moderately favorable situations.
B. very unfavorable situations.
C. very favorable situations.
D. very unfavorable and very favorable situations.

Answer 55

D. very unfavorable and very favorable situations.

Question 56

A company’s current selection procedure for computer programmers consists of 7 predictors that are used to predict the job performance score that a job applicant will receive 6 mts after being hired. The owner of the company wants to reduce the costs and time required to make selection decisions. Which of the following would be most useful for determining the fewest number of predictors needed to make accurate predictions about applicants’ job perf scores?
A. linear regression analysis
B. discriminant function analysis
C. stepwise multiple regression
D. factor analysis

Answer 56

C. stepwise multiple regression

Question 57

Dr. Osprey conducted a study to evaluate the effects of an anti-drug program on attitudes toward drug use for middle school students from low-income fams. Subjects were 662 7th and 8th graders attending an inner-city school. Attitudes toward drugs were assessed in the 2nd wk of Sep, the 5-hour anti-drug program was administered in five 1-hour sessions during the 2nd wk of Oct, and attitudes toward drugs were then re-assessed in the 2nd wk of Nov. Results indicated that the program significantly increased neg attitudes toward drug use. The biggest threat to the internal validity of this study is?
A. statistical regression
B. selection
C. reactivity
D. history

Answer 57

D. history

Question 58

A supervisor notices that an employee seems to be putting more time and effort into his work but this increase has not been accompanied by an increase in productivity. The employee’s behavior is most likely:
A. the result of a lack of control over the pace of her work.
B. an early sign of job burnout.
C. a consequence of chronic work-family conflict.
D. a symptom of “survivor syndrome.”

Answer 58

B. an early sign of job burnout

Question 59

George Kelly (1955) proposed that people develop personal constructs that help them make sense of new information and experiences. As described by Kelly, personal constructs are:
A. schemas that distort reality.
B. socially acceptable schemas.
C. unidimensional.
D. bipolar.

Answer 59

D. Bipolar

Question 60

The elaboration likelihood model (Petty & Cacioppo, 1981) predicts attitude change induced by _______________ is likely to be strong and persistent and produce a change in behavior.
A. central route processing
B. peripheral route processing
C. an alpha processing strategy
D. an omega processing strategy

Answer 60

A. central route processing

Question 61

____________ preventions are aimed at lowering the prevalence of a disorder by identifying individuals who have early signs or symptoms of the disorder and providing them with an intervention to limit its intensity or duration.
A. Primary
B. Secondary
C. Tertiary
D. Quaternary

Answer 61

B. Secondary

Question 62

In the context of test construction, “shrinkage” is associated with:
A. inter-rater reliability.
B. factor analysis.
C. incremental validity.
D. cross-validation.

Answer 62

D. cross-validation.

Question 63

The two main types of integrity tests that are used to assist with selection decisions are:
A. general and specific trait tests.
B. covert and behavior-based tests.
C. objective and subjective tests.
D. overt and personality-based tests.

Answer 63

D. overt and personality-based tests.

Question 64

The Kuder-Richardson Formula 20 (KR-20) can be used to estimate a test’s ____________ reliability when test items are scored dichotomously.
A. alternate forms
B. internal consistency
C. test-retest
D. inter-rater

Answer 64

B. internal consistency

Question 65

You receive a letter from a former client’s current therapist asking you to fax confidential information about the client’s treatment. The request is accompanied by a signed authorization for release of information from the client. You should:
A. ask the therapist to confirm that he received the documents after you send them.
B. mark each page “confidential” before faxing the requested information to the therapist.
C. fax the requested information to the therapist after ensuring that all information that identifies the client has been removed.
D. refuse to fax the information and send a copy of the file by courier instead.

Answer 65

C. fax the requested information to the therapist after ensuring that all information that identifies the client has been removed.

Question 66

You receive a letter from a colleague requesting that you send her a copy of the record of Donald D., a former client of yours. The request is accompanied by an authorization to release information signed by Donald. Donald abruptly ended his sessions with you three months ago, at which time he owed you for his past four therapy sessions. You’ve sent two letters to Donald about his unpaid bill, but he has not responded. To be consistent with ethical requirements, you:
A. must forward the record to the colleague since Donald has signed an authorization allowing you to do so.
B. may refuse to forward the record to the colleague until you and Donald reach an agreement about how he will pay his outstanding fees.
C. may refuse to forward the record to the colleague for nonpayment of fees only if they are not needed for Donald’s emergency treatment.
D. may refuse to forward the record to the colleague for nonpayment of fees only if you explained this policy to Donald as part of the informed consent process when he began therapy.

Answer 66

C. may refuse to forward the record to the colleague for nonpayment of fees only if they are not needed for Donald’s emergency treatment.

Question 67

The ____________ acts as a “relay station” for all of the senses except smell.
A. pons
B. hypothalamus
C. hippocampus
D. thalamus

Answer 67

D. Thalamus

Question 68

Erik Erikson (1978) identified a positive outcome (“virtue”) for each of his eight stages of psychosocial development. Which of the following does not accurately match a stage with its positive outcome?
A. generativity vs. stagnation: care
B. autonomy vs. shame and doubt: purpose
C. industry vs. inferiority: competence
D. basic trust vs. mistrust: hope

Answer 68

B. autonomy vs. shame and doubt: purpose

Question 69

Bronfenbrenner’s (2004) bioecological theory distinguishes between five environmental systems that impact individual development. According to this theory, the __________ consists of the interactions between elements of the microsystem.
A. macrosystem
B. mesosystem
C. exosystem
D. chronosystem

Answer 69

B. mesosystem

Question 70

When using positive reinforcement to establish or increase a behavior, use of which of the following intermittent schedules of reinforcement will maximize the behavior’s resistance to extinction?
A. fixed interval
B. variable interval
C. fixed ratio
D. variable ratio

Answer 70

D. variable ratio

Question 71

As described by Irvin Yalom (Yalom & Leszcz, 2008), the third formative stage of group therapy is characterized by:
A. hesitant participation and search for meaning.
B. the development of cohesiveness.
C. conflict, dominance, and rebellion.
D. the development of counter-dependency.

Answer 71

B. the development of cohesiveness

Question 72

The owner of several fast-food restaurants tells you she’s concerned about the low job satisfaction and poor job performance of many of her employees. She says she’s heard that “satisfied workers are productive workers” and asks what the research has found about this. You tell her that the studies support which of the following?
A. Satisfied workers are, in fact, always productive workers.
B. Productive workers are always satisfied workers.
C. Workers who are rewarded for their productivity are most productive and satisfied.
D. Workers who are happy with their lives are most productive and satisfied.

Answer 72

C. Workers who are rewarded for their productivity are most productive and satisfied.

Question 73

Sherif (1935) used the autokinetic phenomenon to study:
A. psychological reactance.
B. conformity to group norms.
C. compliance with direct requests.
D. counterfactual thinking.

Answer 73

B. conformity to group norms

Question 74

In Ainsworth’s (Ainsworth et al., 1978) “strange situation,” an infant with an ________ attachment pattern is indifferent to their mother and may act as though she’s not present, shows little or no distress when she leaves, and ignores her when she returns. Mothers of children with this attachment pattern are often ________.
A. avoidant; rejecting/unresponsive or intrusive/overstimulating
B. avoidant; moody/depressed and inconsistent
C. ambivalent; rejecting/unresponsive or intrusive/overstimulating
D. ambivalent; moody/depressed and inconsistent

Answer 74

A. avoidant; rejecting/unresponsive or intrusive/overstimulating

Question 75

Dr. Sipowicz has been seeing Annie for six weeks to treat her social phobia and decides it would benefit Annie if her husband attends several of her sessions. When Dr. Sipowicz discusses this with Annie, she agrees and says she’ll bring him to her next session. Annie’s husband is seeing another therapist to deal with his gambling problem. Inviting Annie’s husband to participate in Annie’s therapy sessions is:
A. unacceptable since he’s already receiving therapy from another therapist.
B. unacceptable unless you’ve determined that he’s not vulnerable to undue influence.
C. acceptable since you believe his participation in therapy will benefit Annie.
D. acceptable as long as he will only participate in a few sessions with Annie.

Answer 75

C. acceptable since you believe his participation in therapy will benefit Annie.

Question 76

Ella took Spanish classes in her last two years of high school but decided to learn French in college instead of continuing with Spanish. She found that, even after studying French for two semesters, whenever she tried to recall the French equivalent for an English word, she’d recall the Spanish word instead. Ella’s experience illustrates which of the following?
A. retroactive interference
B. proactive interference
C. the serial position effect
D. the recency effect

Answer 76

B. proactive interference

Question 77

A division of labor and a hierarchy of authority are defining characteristics of which of the following organizational theories?
A. Weber’s bureaucracy
B. McGregor’s Theory Y
C. Fiedler’s contingency theory
D. Katz and Kahn’s open-system theory

Answer 77

A. Weber’s bureaucracy

Question 78

By about __________ months of age, children use two words to create a simple sentence – for example, “juice gone,” “get toy,” and “big doggie.”
A. 12 to 18
B. 18 to 24
C. 24 to 30
D. 30 to 36

Answer 78

B. 18 to 24

Question 79

Social facilitation is more likely than social inhibition to occur when:
A. the crowd is large.
B. the crowd is small.
C. the task is easy.
D. the task is difficult.

Answer 79

C. the task is easy

Question 80

Dr. Haar is concerned that the statistics tests she uses for her introductory statistics class are too difficult since so few students pass them. To make her tests a little easier, she will want to remove some items that have an item difficulty index (p) of _____ and add some items that have an item difficulty index of _____.
A. +1.0 and higher; -1.0 and lower
B. +.50 and higher; -.50 and lower
C. .85 and higher; .15 and lower
D. .15 and lower; .85 and higher

Answer 80

D. .15 and lower; .85 and higher

Question 81

When assessing the performance of the employees he supervises, Mr. Stein tends to prioritize an employee’s willingness to take responsibility for resolving work-related problems. Consequently, when assessing employees who consistently and enthusiastically assume responsibility, Mr. Stein gives them high ratings on unrelated dimensions of job performance. And when assessing employees who frequently shirk responsibility, Mr. Stein gives them low ratings on all dimensions of job performance. Mr. Stein’s tendency is an example of which of the following?
A. contrast error
B. halo error
C. leniency/strictness bias
D. similarity bias

Answer 81

B. halo effect

Question 82

Research investigating the effects of age on susceptibility to persuasion suggests that ___________ are most resistant to persuasion.
A. young and older adults
B. young adults
C. middle-aged adults
D. older adults

Answer 82

C. middle-aged adults

Question 83

Which of the following is an example of prospective memory?
A. remembering what you did on your last birthday
B. remembering what your parents gave you when you graduated from 8th grade
C. remembering the definition of a new term you learned while studying for the EPPP
D. remembering that you have a dentist appointment next Thursday morning

Answer 83

D. remembering that you have a dentist appointment next Thursday morning

Question 84

Dr. Connor is a solution-focused family therapist, and his new clients are Mr. and Mrs. Bingham and their two sons, 7-year-old Bob and 9-year-old Brett. During the first session, Mrs. Bingham says that their main concern is that Brett’s misbehavior causes a lot of problems at home and constantly gets him into trouble at school. After asking Mr. and Mrs. Bingham for some examples of what they mean, Dr. Connor will most likely ask which of the following questions?
A. What was happening right before the last time Brett got into trouble?
B. Which of Brett’s behaviors cause the most problems at home and at school?
C. What kind of things does Brett do when he’s not causing problems at home?
D. What usually happens when Brett gets into trouble at school?

Answer 84

C. What kind of things does Brett do when he’s not causing problems at home?

Question 85

In their Robbers Cave study, Sherif and his colleagues (1966) found that competition between two groups of boys for desired prizes produced a high degree of intergroup hostility. These results provide support for which of the following theories of prejudice and discrimination?
A. social identity theory
B. realistic conflict theory
C. scapegoat theory
D. extended contact theory

Answer 85

B. Realistic conflict theory

Question 86

With regard to language, the smallest unit of meaning is referred to as a:
A. word.
B. grapheme.
C. phoneme.
D. morpheme.

Answer 86

D. morpheme

Question 87

The development of depth perception in infancy involves becoming sensitive to three types of information in a predictable order, with __________ information being the first type that infants are sensitive to.
A. interposition
B. kinetic
C. binocular
D. pictorial

Answer 87

B. kinetic

Question 88

The keyword method is most useful for:
A. remembering a list of 10 nonsense syllables.
B. recalling how to solve a mathematical equation.
C. learning the vocabulary of a second language.
D. remembering an important event you must attend next week.

Answer 88

C. learning the vocabulary of a second language.

Question 89

Mowrer’s (1960) two-factor theory of learning is most useful for understanding which of the following?
A. avoidance conditioning
B. escape conditioning
C. spontaneous recovery
D. operant extinction

Answer 89

A. avoidance conditioning

Question 90

A therapy client who had an insensitive, authoritarian father begins to respond to her therapist as though he’s insensitive and authoritarian. A practitioner of Freudian psychoanalysis would describe this as transference, while a practitioner of Harry Stack Sullivan’s interpersonal psychotherapy would view it as:
A. a parataxic distortion.
B. a boundary disturbance.
C. projective identification.
D. displacement.

Answer 90

A. a parataxic distortion

Question 91

Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder that causes degeneration of __________ receptors at neuromuscular junctions, resulting in severe muscle weakness and fatigue.
A. acetylcholine
B. glutamate
C. GABA
D. norepinephrine

Answer 91

A. acetylcholine

Question 92

____________ viewed schizophrenia and other severe mental disorders as the result of a multigenerational transmission process.
A. Salvador Minuchin
B. Jay Haley
C. Murray Bowen
D. William Glasser

Answer 92

C. Murray Bowen

Question 93

When lithium has not reduced the symptoms of mania for an individual who has received a diagnosis of bipolar disorder, an alternative is:
A. disulfiram.
B. carbamazepine.
C. propranolol.
D. guanfacine.

Answer 93

B. carbamazepine.

Question 94

Your neighbor tells you that one of her co-workers, a licensed psychologist, sometimes makes sexually suggestive comments that make her very uncomfortable and self-conscious. She says she asked him to stop making the comments last week because she finds them offensive, and he said his intention was to be funny but that he’d stop if that’s what she wants. In terms of ethical requirements, it appears that the co-worker’s comments:
A. represent sexual harassment because they’re sexual in nature and occurred on more than one occasion.
B. represent sexual harassment only if they would be identified as unacceptable by a “reasonable person.”
C. represent sexual harassment if the co-worker does not stop making sexually suggestive comments after being told they’re offensive.
D. do not represent sexual harassment because the co-worker was unaware that they were offensive while he was making them.

Answer 94

C. represent sexual harassment if the co-worker does not stop making sexually suggestive comments after being told they’re offensive.

Question 95

Wolpe (1958) believed that counterconditioning was responsible for the effectiveness of his technique of systematic desensitization for eliminating an anxiety response to a particular stimulus. However, studies using the dismantling strategy found that its effects are actually due to:
A. extinction.
B. higher-order conditioning.
C. satiation.
D. stimulus discrimination.

Answer 95

A. extinction

Question 96

The effects of damage to the left and right hemispheres of the cerebral cortex depend on the specific location of the damage but, with regard to emotions, damage to the left hemisphere is most likely to produce:
A. inappropriate indifference or euphoria.
B. depression or emotional volatility.
C. unprovoked rage and hostility.
D. unrealistic confidence and optimism.

Answer 96

B. depression or emotional volatility.

Question 97

Which of the following is most responsible for depth perception of objects that are at a close distance?
A. motion parallax
B. interposition of objects
C. retinal disparity
D. linear perspective

Answer 97

C. Retinal disparity

Question 98

After a skateboarding accident, 17-year-old Cody exhibits clumsiness, slurred speech, and other symptoms associated with alcohol intoxication. Which area of Cody’s brain was most likely affected by the accident?
A. thalamus
B. cerebellum
C. reticular formation
D. parietal lobe

Answer 98

B. Cerebellum

Question 99

You would use which of the following tests to evaluate the receptive vocabulary of a 10-year-old child who has received a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder?
A. PPVT-5
B. Vineland-II
C. Leiter-3
D. KABC-II

Answer 99

A. PPVT-5

Question 100

____________ is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter, and disruption of its production or transmission in certain areas of the brain produces anxiety.
A. Acetylcholine
B. GABA
C. Glutamate
D. Dopamine

Answer 100

B. GABA

Question 101

Older adults with mild neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer’s disease would most likely obtain the highest score on the WAIS-IV __________ Index and lowest score on the __________ Index.
A. Verbal Comprehension; Working Memory
B. Working Memory; Perceptual Reasoning
C. Perceptual Reasoning; Processing Speed
D. Verbal Comprehension; Processing Speed

Answer 101

D. Verbal Comprehension; Processing Speed

Question 102

For practitioners of Gestalt therapy, a key contributor to neurotic behavior is which of the following?
A. cognitive entanglement
B. exposure to conditions of worth
C. a contact boundary disturbance
D. psychological rigidity

Answer 102

C. a contact boundary disturbance

Question 103

You have just received a subpoena requesting that you appear in court to provide information about the diagnosis and treatment of a former client of yours who is suing her current therapist for malpractice. You are unable to contact the client or confirm that she has signed an authorization to release information. In this situation, you should:
A. notify the party who issued the subpoena that you cannot appear in court without a signed authorization from the client.
B. appear in court as requested but provide only information you believe is relevant to the case.
C. appear in court as requested but claim the privilege on behalf of the client.
D. appear in court and provide the requested information since privilege is waived in this situation.

Answer 103

C. appear in court as requested but claim the privilege on behalf of the client.

Question 104

Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?
A. A child continues to “act out” in class because of the attention he gets from the other children when he does so.
B. A teenager stops biting his nails at school because, whenever he does, his peers make fun of him.
C. A woman who knows sweets aren’t good for her continues to eat chocolate because chocolate reduces her anxiety.
D. A man stopped smoking after his therapist required him to donate $5.00 to a disliked political candidate every time he lit up a cigarette.

Answer 104

C. A woman who knows sweets aren’t good for her continues to eat chocolate because chocolate reduces her anxiety.

Question 105

A psychologist is planning a research study to evaluate the effects of a two-hour online lecture on statistics for improving the statistics knowledge of 35 psychologists who have just started studying for the EPPP. All participants will (1) take a pre-test consisting of 50 multiple-choice statistics questions on Monday, (2) attend the online lecture on Wednesday evening, and (3) take a post-test consisting of 50 multiple-choice statistics questions that are equivalent to the pre-test questions on Friday. To analyze the data she obtains in her study, the researcher will use which of the following?
A. t-test for a single sample
B. t-test for correlated samples
C. two-way ANOVA
D. single-sample chi-square test

Answer 105

B. t-test for correlated samples

Question 106

At the beginning of her third therapy session, your new client says she’s “already feeling much better.” According to Howard et al.’s (1996) phase model, the client’s improvement is most likely due to which of the following?
A. the formation of a therapeutic alliance
B. an initial decrease in symptoms
C. the experience of catharsis
D. an increased sense of hope

Answer 106

D. an increased sense of hope