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Missed Flashcards

1
Q

3 drugs to treat thrombocytopenia

A
  1. oprelvekin
  2. romiplastin
  3. eltrombopag
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2
Q

4 drug to treat neutropenia

A
  1. filgrastim (G-CSF)
  2. pegfilgrastim
  3. sargramostim (GM-CSF)
  4. plerixafor
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3
Q

3 drugs to treat anemia of chronic renal disease

A
  1. epoetin alfa
  2. hydroxyurea
  3. eculizumab
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4
Q

treatment for iron deficiency anemia

A
  • RBC transfusion (if severe)

- oral ferrous (Fe+2) iron (200-400 mg/d in 2-3 doses)- take with water/juice only

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5
Q

oral ferrous supplements

A

ferrous sulfate, gluconate, fumerate

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6
Q

IV/IM iron supplements

A

iron dextrans
Na ferric gluconate complex
iron-sucrose complex
ferumoxytol

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7
Q

acute iron toxicity symptoms

A
  • necrotizing gastroenteritis w/ vomit, AP, bloody diarrhea
  • lead to shock, lethargy, dyspnea
  • improvement can be follow by severe metabolic acidosis, coma, death
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8
Q

urgent treatment for acute iron toxicity

A

whole bowel irrigation and parenteral deferoxamine

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9
Q

sources of B12

A
  • animal products (fish, meat, poultry, egg, milk)

- fortified breakfast cereals

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10
Q

how much B12 do you need a day?

what is your typical body store?

A

need 2 ug/d (usually get 5-7)

stores: 2-5 mg

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11
Q

what happens if B12 stores are depleted?

A

rapid neuro dysfunction (paresthesias, weakness, spasticity) that may not be fully reversible

  • gait abnorm
  • cognitive impairment
  • irritability/weakness
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12
Q

Tx and dosage for B12 def

A

supplementation at 1-2 mg/d for 2 weeks, then 1 mg daily (~500X daily need)
-parenteral therapy if neuro sx are present (1000 ug/d for 1 week) then weekly for 1 month, then monthly

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13
Q

estimated daily req for folate

A

5-50 ug/d

- allowance: 400 ug/d (adults), 800 ug/d for pregnant/lactating

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14
Q

tx/dosage for folate deficiency

A

oral 1 mg/day x 4 months, if malabsorption then 1-5 mg/day

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15
Q

best folate sources

A

yeast, liver, kidney, green leafy veggies

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16
Q

Clinical use for Ach? MOA?

A

intraocular use to constrict pupils (miosis) during eye surgery
- direct cholinomimetic

17
Q

Clinical use and MOA for bethanechol?

A

Urinary and GU - Ileus (increase motility)
urinary retention
heartburn

direct cholinomimetic, muscarinic selective

18
Q

Clinical use for carbachol?

A

constrict pupil and decrease IOP in open-angle glaucoma

  • direct cholinomimetic
  • not selective
19
Q

Clinical use for methacholine?

A

Asthma screening tool

- muscarinic selective, direct cholinomimetic

20
Q

Clinical use for cevimeline

A

Tx dry mouth w/ Sjogren syndrome

- direct cholinomimetic

21
Q

Clinical use of pilocarpine?

A
  • Xerostomia (pt w/ sjogren, head and neck cancer)
  • miosis (topical) in eye procedures
  • Glaucoma (topical)
  • Pure muscarinic agonist
  • uncharged and highly absorbed
22
Q

Main uses of direct cholinomimetics?

A

Eye Dz: glaucoma and accommodative esotropia

GI/GU Dz: post op ileus, congenital megacolon, urinary retention, esophageal reflux, xerostomia

23
Q

Contraindications with direct cholinomimetics?

A

COPD/asthma

PUD

24
Q

Clinical uses of indirect-acting cholinergic agonist?

A
  1. glaucoma (neostigmine
  2. Dementia (alzheimers and parkinsons): donepelil, galantamine, rivastigmine
  3. Antidote for anticholinergic poisoning (Physostigmine)
  4. reversal of NMJ paralysis (neostigmine)
  5. Myasthenia gravis (pyridostigmine, edrophorium, neostigmine)
25
Q

What could cause a anticholinergic toxidrome?

A 
atropine
antihistamines
TCA
sleep aid
cold preparations
26
Q

Drugs to use for motion sickness? What class are they?

A

Anti-cholinergic

Scopolamine

27
Q

Drugs for GI disorders?

A
  1. atropine: decrease motility
  2. dicyclomine (anti-spasmodic, IBS)
  3. glycopyrrolate: decrease secretions
  4. Hyoscyamine (IBS)
28
Q

Anticholinergic Drugs for Ophthalmology (5)

A
  1. atropine
  2. cyclopentolate
  3. homatropine
  4. scopolamine
  5. tropolamine
29
Q

Anticholinergic drugs for respiratory disorders (2)

A
  1. ipratropium

2. toitropium

30
Q

Drugs for urinary disorders (urge incontinence) (5)

A
  1. darifenacin
  2. oxybutynin
  3. solifenacin
  4. tolterodine
  5. trospium
31
Q

Drugs for cholinergic poisoning (DUMBELS)

A

Atropine + pralidoxime

32
Q

Drugs for movement disorders

A
  1. Benztropine
  2. Biperiden
  3. Orphenadrine
  4. Procyclidine
  5. Trihexyphenidyl
33
Q

What alkylating agent is a risk for renal tubular damage and ototoxicity?

34
Q

What is a cholinomimetic and b-blocker that could be used to treat glaucoma?

A

pilocarpine (cholinomimetic)

timolol (beta blocker

SBL (44 decks)

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