misleading information Flashcards
What are the types of misleading info?
Leading questions
Post event discussion
Who researched LQ?
Loftus and Palmer
Describe Loftus and Palmer’s research
Pps watched clips of car accidents
Critical question - about how fast were the cars going when they hit each other?
Verb contacted - 31.8mph
Verb smashed - 40.5mph
What is the response-bias explanation?
Wording of question has no effect on memory
Influences how they decide to answer
What is the substitution explanation?
Wording of question changes memory
Describe Loftus and Palmer’s second experiment
Participants who heard smashed were more likely to see broken glass than those who heard hit
Who researched PED?
Gabbert
Describe Gabbert’s procedure
Pps in pairs
Watched same video from different POVs
Pps discussed what they saw
Individual recall test
Describe Gabbert’s findings
71% mistakenly recalled aspects they didn’t see in video
No PED - 0%
Witnesses agree for social approval or ISI
Memory conformity
Evaluation - useful real life application
Inaccurate EWT has serious consequences
Positive difference
Improving legal system
Evaluation - artificial tasks
Film clips of accidents
Lack the stress + emotions
Doesn’t apply to real EWT
Evaluation - individual differences
Older people less accurate
Anastasi + Rhodes
55-78 less accurate
Own age bias - all age groups more accurate identifying people their own age
Studies use young people - some people appear less accurate
Evaluation - demand characteristics
Zaragosa + McCloskey argue answers are result of DC
Pps want to appear helpful, attentive
Evaluation - consequences of EWT
Foster - no consequences in studies
Pps know that answers don’t matter
