coding capacity duration

Question 1

What is coding?

Answer 1

The format in which memory is stored

Question 2

What lists did Baddeley give to participants?

Answer 2

Acoustically similar
Acoustically dissimilar
Semantically similar
Semantically dissimilar

Question 3

Baddeley’s coding experiment - procedure and findings

Answer 3

Asked to recall words in correct order
Did worse with acoustically similar words - immediate recall
Did worse with semantically similar words - after 20 minutes

Question 4

How is STM coded?

Answer 4

Acoustic

Question 5

How is LTM coded?

Answer 5

Semantic

Question 6

Evaluate research on coding

Answer 6

Artificial stimuli - cannot generalise, people usually use semantic coding

Question 7

Who researched coding?

Answer 7

Baddeley

Question 8

Who research capacity - digit span?

Answer 8

Jacobs

Question 9

Describe research on digit span

Answer 9

Pp must recall digits in order

Increase digit number until they cannot recall

Question 10

What is our digit span?

Answer 10

Mean span for digits is 9.3 items

Mean span for letters is 7.3

Question 11

Who researched capacity - chunking and memory span?

Answer 11

Miller

Question 12

Describe research on memory span

Answer 12

Things come in 7s - days, sins, notes on musical scale

Suggests span of STM is 7 +/-2

Question 13

Describe research on chunking

Answer 13

Noted people can recall 5 words as well as 5 letters

Do this by chunking

Question 14

What is STM capacity?

Answer 14

7+/-2

Question 15

What is LTM capacity?

Answer 15

Unlimited

Question 16

Evaluate Jacobs’ research on capacity

Answer 16

Lacking validity - long time ago so lacked control, pps may have been distracted, confounding variables

Question 17

Evaluate Miller’s research on capacity

Answer 17

Not so many chunks - overestimated STM capacity, Cowan found 4 chunks

Question 18

Who research STM duration?

Answer 18

Peterson and Peterson

Question 19

Describe research on STM duration

Answer 19

24 undergrad students
8 trials
Given a consonant syllable and a 3 digit number on each trial
Count backwards from that number until told to stop
Prevented rehearsal of syllable
Told to stop after a diff amount of time on each trial - 3,6,9,12,15,18 seconds - retention interval
Higher retention interval = lower % of correct responses

Question 20

What is the duration of STM?

Answer 20

About 18 seconds

Question 21

Who researched LTM duration?

Answer 21

Bahrick

Question 22

Describe research on LTM duration

Answer 22

392 Americans aged 17 to 74
Looked at high school yearbooks
Photo recognition test
Free recall where pps recalled names of their graduating class
Pps tested within 15 years of graduation = 90% accurate photo recognition
After 48 years recall declined to 70%
Free recall 15 years - 60% accurate
Free recall 48 - 30%

Question 23

What is LTM duration?

Answer 23

Up to a lifetime

Question 24

Evaluate Peterson and Peterson’s research on duration

Answer 24

Meaningless stimuli - lacks external validity

Lacks internal validity - we forget STM because it is displaced by consonant syllables, they were investigating capacity not duration

Question 25

Evaluate Bahrick’s research on duration

Answer 25

Higher external validity - real life memories