Miscellaneous Terminology Flashcards
CBT-E
Enhanced CBT
- Eating disorders
FBT
Family-based treatment
- Eating disorders
IPT
Interpersonal therapy
- Bulimia, BED
- Peripartum depression
- Depression
Cataplexy
Loss of muscle tone, often triggered by a strong emotion
- Narcolepsy
Hypocretin
Neuropeptides involved in sleep-wake cycle
- Narcolepsy
Tachycardia
Fast heart rate (100+ beats per minute)
- Sleep-wake disorders
- Stimulant intoxication
- Side effects of FGAs
Avolition
Lack of motivation
- Schizophrenic disorders
Alogia
Speaking less
- Schizophrenia spectrum
Anhedonia
Inability to feel pleasure
- Schizophrenia spectrum
Catatonia
Inability to move typically (staying still, fast or strange movements, lack of speech, etc.)
- Schizophrenia
Hypofrontality
Lower activity in the prefrontal cortex
- Schizophrenia
Anosognosia
Lack of insight into one’s disorder, linked to poorer treatment response
- Schizophrenia
- Damage to somatosensory cortex (parietal lobe)
Immigrant paradox
New immigrants have better prognoses than longer/acculturated immigrants or same-ethnicity natives
- Schizophrenia
- Alcohol use disorder
CBTp
CBT for psychosis
- Schizophrenia
ACT
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy
- Schizophrenia
Nystagmus
Involuntary repetitive/jerky eye movements that can affect vision
- Alcohol intoxication
- Ataxia
Confabulation
Generating a false memory without intent to deceive
- Korsakoff syndrome
- Damage to ventromedial PFC (vmPFC)
Perceptual disturbances
Hallucinations with intact reality testing or illusions without delusions
- Opioid intoxication
Bradycardia
Slow heart rate (<60 beats per minute)
- Stimulant intoxication
MI
Motivational interviewing
- Substance-related disorders
MET
Motivational enhancement therapy
- Substance-related disorders
Family-focused therapy
Assumes that high expression of emotion within family can prompt relapse
- Bipolar disorder
Leaden paralysis
Heavy feeling in arms and legs
- Bipolar disorder (atypical features)
Phototherapy
Exposure to bright light that suppresses melatonin production
- Depression (with seasonal pattern)
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis
Related to stress response
HPA hyperactivity linked to chronic stress (especially childhood)
- Depression
Sleep latency
Time to fall asleep
- Depression
REM latency
Time from sleep onset to REM sleep
- Depression
REM density
Number of rapid eye movements per unit of time
- Depression
MBCT
Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy
- Depression
Anterograde amnesia
Inability to form new memories
- Korsakoff syndrome
Retrograde amnesia
Inability to recall past memories
- Korsakoff syndrome
ERP
Exposure and response prevention
- Specific phobia
Paresthesia
Sensation of burning or prickling of skin (usually felt in limbs)
- Panic Disorder
Interoceptive exposure
Intentionally exposing client to panic symptoms (running, spinning, breathing through a straw)
- Panic Disorder
Postural hypotension
Blood pressure drops when changing postures (e.g., lying down to sitting, sitting to standing)
- Narcotic-analgesics (opioids)
Ataxia
Loss of control of bodily movements, lack of muscle control, impaired balance and coordination, slurred speech, nystagmus, blurred/double vision
- Anticonvulsants
- Alcohol intoxication
Agranulocytosis
Low white blood cell count
- Anticonvulsants
Endogenous
Derived internally (not made or found in environment)
Analgesic
Relieving pain
Homeostasis
Steady internal processes
- Hypothalamus
Declarative memory
Memory for facts, previous experiences, concepts, etc.
- Thalamus
Flashbulb memories
Vivid, lasting memories for shocking events
- Amygdala
- PTSD
Hyperphagia
Extreme hunger
- Kluver-Bucy syndrome
Hyperorality
Extreme obsession with oral sensations (chewing, sucking, biting, etc.)
- Kluver-Bucy syndrome
Visual agnosia
Known as “psychic blindness,” difficulty recognizing visually presented objects
- Kluver-Bucy syndrome
- Damage to visual cortex (occipital lobe)
Broca’s aphasia
Also known as expressive or nonfluent aphasia
Symptoms:
1. Slow, labored speech with mostly nouns and verbs
2. Impaired repetition
3. Anomia
4. Intact reading and verbal comprehension
- Broca’s area (frontal lobe)
Anomia
Inability to recall names of familiar objects
- Broca’s aphasia
- Wernicke’s aphasia
Prospective memory
Memory for future events
- Prefrontal cortex (PFC)
Perseverative responses
Repeating a word or gesture even when stimulus is absent or discontinued
- Damage to dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC)
Affective lability
Tendency to experience strong and variable emotions
- Bipolar disorder
- Damage to orbitofrontal cortex (OFC)
Somatotopical organization
Each part of the body is controlled by a specific cortical area
- Supplementary motor cortex
- Premotor cortex
- Primary motor cortex
Auditory agnosia
Impairments in sound perception and identification despite intact hearing, cognitive functioning, and language abilities
- Damage to temporal lobe
Wernicke’s aphasia
Also known as receptive or fluent aphasia
Symptoms:
1. Impaired reading and verbal comprehension
2. Repetition
3. Anomia
4. Fluent speech with no meaning, word substitutions, errors, etc.
- Wernicke’s area (temporal lobe)
Conduction aphasia
- Relative intact comprehension
- Fluent speech
- Many errors, repetitions, and anomia
Tactile agnosia
Inability to recognize objects by touch
- Damage to somatosensory cortex (parietal lobe)
Asomatognosia
Lack of interest in or recognition of one’s body parts
- Damage to somatosensory cortex (parietal lobe)
Agraphia
Loss of writing skills
- Gerstmann’s syndrome (damage to parietal lobe)
Acalculia
Loss of arithmetic skills
- Gerstmann’s syndrome (damage to parietal lobe)
Achromatopsia
Loss of color vision
- Damage to visual cortex (occipital lobe)
Prosopagnosia
Inability to recognize faces of people, one’s own face, faces of pets/animals
- Damage to occipitotemporal junction
Parkinsonism
Resting tremors, muscle rigidity, and slowed movement
- Side effects of FGAs
Dystonia
Uncontrollable muscle contractions
- Side effects of FGAs
Akathisia
Sense of inner restlessness