Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Phase 2A (HV) > Miscellaneous- Pharm > Flashcards

Miscellaneous- Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

What is pharmacokinetics

A

What the body does to the drug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the important factors involved in pharmacokinetics

A

ADME

Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What happens in phase 1 metabolic reaction

A

Drug becomes more hydrophilic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What occurs in phase 2 metabolic reaction

A

Drug becomes more polar thus can now be renally excreted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is pharmacodynamics

A

What the drug does to the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is affinity

A

How well the drug binds to its receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is efficacy

A

How well the drug works on that specific receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is potency

A

The amount of drug required to achieve a response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

List 3 routes of enteral administration

A

Oral
Rectum
Sublingual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

List 3 routes of paraenteral administration

A

Intramuscular
Intravenous
Subcutaneous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is an agonist

A

Binds to receptor and activates it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a partial agonist

A

Binds to receptor but does not give full response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is an antagonist

A

Binds to the receptor to prevent its activation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a competitive antagonist

A

Where antagonist competes with the agonist for the binding site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a non-competitive antagonist

A

Binds to allosyeric site to prevent receptor activation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is bioavailability

A

Fraction of drug that reaches systemic circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What NT is used in the somatic nervous system

A

ACh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What NTs are used in the parasympathetic nervous system

A

Pre ganlionic- ACh on nicotinic receptors

Post ganglionic- ACh on muscuranic receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What NTs are used in the sympathetic Ns

A

Pre-ganlionic- ACh on nicotinic receptors

Post ganlioic- NA on adrenergic Receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where are Muscuranic 1 receptors located

A

Brain (Gq)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where are muscuranic 2 receptors located

A

Heart (lowers hr)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where are muscuranic 3 receptors located

A

In all organs w/ parasympathetic innervation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is adrenaline and noradrenaline synthesised from

A

Tyrosine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where are alpha 1 receptors found and what is its role

A

Found in (ONE)
O- blood vessels
N- neck of bladder, prostate, stomach
E- eye (dilation)

Cause smooth muscle contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Where are beta 1 receptors found and it’s role

A

Beta 1- found in Heart and kidneys

Increase hr and renin production

26
Q

Where are beta 2 receptors found and it’s role

A

Lungs, blood vessels, GI tract, liver bladder, uterus

Smooth muscle relaxation

27
Q

Where are beta 3 receptors found

A

Adipose tissue

Bladder (relaxes)

28
Q

Se of muscuranic 3 agonists

A

DUMBELS

Diarrhoea 
Urination
Myosis
Bradycardia
Emisis
Lacrimation 
Salivation
29
Q

What drug can be given in opioid overdose

A

Nalaxone

30
Q

Se of opioids

A 
Respiratory distress
Sedation
Nausea
Constipation 
Itching 
Immune suppression
31
Q

What are the types of adverse drug reactions

A 
Augmented
Bizarre
Continuous
Delayed
End of use
Failure
32
Q

What information is critical when filling out the yellow form

A

Suspected drug
Suspected reaction
Patients details
Reporters details

33
Q

What is type 1 hypersensitivity reaction and give 2 examples

A

IgE mediated- igE binds to mast cells

Anaphylaxis
Atopy

34
Q

What is a type 2 hypersensitivity reaction and give examples

A

IgG or IgM binds to Ag on cell surface

Autoimmune haemolytic anemia
Goodpastures
Pernicious anaemia
Rheumatic fever

35
Q

What is a type 3 sensitivity reaction and give examples

A

Immune complex- free Ag and Ab combine

SLE, PSGN

36
Q

What type 4 hypersensitivity reaction and give examples

A

Delayed- T cell mediated

GBS, MS, TB, Graft vs Host

37
Q

Action of adrenaline on alpha1, beta 1 and beta 2 receptors

A

Alpha 1- vasoconstriction- increases BP and coronary perfusion
Beta 1- +ve chrono and ionotropic effects
Beta 2- bronchodilation

38
Q

What is the management of anaphylaxis

A 
Stop drug
IM adrenaline (repeat after 5 mins if required)
High flow O2
IV fluids
Chloramphenamin/hydrocortisone
39
Q

Moa of NSAIDS

A

Inhibits COX therefore less prostaglandins (constricts afterent arteriole)

40
Q

Moa of antihistamines

A

H1 receptor antagonist. Prevents release of histamine from storage granules of mast cells

41
Q

Moa of PPIs

A

Irreversibly bind to H+/K+/ATPase in gastric parietal cells to decrease H+ secretion

42
Q

Moa of opioids

A

Activation of mu receptors in CNS

43
Q

Se of amlodipine

A

Ankle swelling

44
Q

Se of ACE inhibitors

A

Dry cough
Teratogenic
Hyperkalaemia
Renal dysfunction

45
Q

Se of tamsulosin

A

Postural hypotension, retrograde ejaculation

46
Q

Advice when taking bispohosphonates

A

Take tablet whole w/ plenty of water whilst sitting or standing
Take on empty stomach at least 30 mins before breakfast
Stay upright for at least 30mins after taking tablet

47
Q

What is used for the prophylaxis of asthma

A

Clenil modulite (beclamethasone)

48
Q

When should you stop taking bisphosphonates

A

Dysphagia
Heartburn
Odonophagia

49
Q

What is sensitivity

A

R those that have the diseas and test positive

The probability of a person with disease obtaining a +ve test result

TP/TP+FN

50
Q

What is specificity

A

Those that test -ve and do not have the disease

Probability of a person w/o disease testing -ve

TN/TN+FP

51
Q

How to work out PPV

A

TP/TP+FP

52
Q

How to work out NPV

A

TN/TN+FN

53
Q

What reaction does COX mediate

A

Arachidonic acid —> prostaglandin H2

54
Q

True or false. PPIs are prodrugs that he activated in the stomach

A

True

55
Q

Moa of spironolactone and se

A

N]binds to aldosterone dependent na+/k+ transporter and and increase sodium and water excretion whilst retaining potassium

Se- Gynecomastia, hyperkalaemia, metabolic acidosis

56
Q

Where do loop diuretics act

A

Act on Na+/K+/2Cl- Channel on thick ascending loop

57
Q

Where do thiazide diuretics act on

A

Act on Na+/Cl- transporter in DCT

58
Q

Name 3 drug targets

A

Receptors
Enzymes
Transporters
Ion channels

59
Q

List 3 ways in which drugs can move between compartments

A

Simple diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
Active transport

60
Q 
Approximately how many litres of water would you expect to find in the following compartments 
A- extracellular 
B- intracellular
C-plasma
D- interstitial
A

A- 14L
B- 28L
C- 3L
D- 11L

61
Q

What is tolerance

A

The reduction in drug effect over time (continuously repeated high conc)

62
Q

What is desensitisation

A

Receptors become degraded/uncoupled/internalised

Phase 2A (HV) (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions