Miscellaneous- Microbio

Question 1

What test distinguishes between staph and strep

Answer 1

Catalase test

Question 2

What test distinguishes between staph aureus and other staphylococcus species

Answer 2

Coagulase test

Question 3

What nutrient agar is used to grow mycobacterium tuberculosis

Answer 3

Lowenstein-Jensen

Question 4

Name a beta haemolytic group a organism

Answer 4

Strep pyogenes

Question 5

Name a gram positive diplococci

Answer 5

Strep pneumo

Question 6

Name the agar that is used to culture fungi

Answer 6

Sabourauds

Question 7

What does XLD agar do

Answer 7

Differentiates between shigella (red) and salmonella (red w/ black dots)

Question 8

What is the function of CLED agar

Answer 8

Used for microorganism in urine (gram -ve bacilli)
Lactose fermenters — yellow
Non-lactose fermenter— blue

Question 9

Name the results found on MaConkeys agar

Answer 9

Lactose fermenter- pink

Non-lactose fermenter- colourless

Question 10

What is the immediate primary care tx given to a child suspected with menigicoccal septicaemia

Answer 10

IM benzylpenicillin

Question 11

Name a strict gram +ve anaerobe

Answer 11

C-diff

Question 12

Name 2 gram negative diplococci species

Answer 12

N. Meningitides

N. Gonorrhoea

Question 13

Name a oxidase +ve gram negative bacilli

Answer 13

Pseudomonas and haemophilius influenzae

Question 14

Name an oxidase negative gram -ve bacilli which is
A- lactose fermenting
B- non-lactose fermenting

Answer 14

A- Ecoli, Klebsiella pneumonia

B- proteus, shigella, salmonella and salmonella typhi

Question 15

What antibiotic class is used in penicillin allergic patients

Answer 15

Macrolides

Question 16

Name the virulence factors associated with staph.aureus

Answer 16

Pore forming toxins- alpha haemolysin and PVL
Proteases- exfoliatin
Toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST)
Protein A

Question 17

Treatment for c-diff

Answer 17

Oral vancomycin +/- metronidiazole/fidoxmicin

Question 18

Treatment for H.Influenzae

Answer 18

Doxycycline or Coamoxiclav

Question 19

Tx for gonorrhoea

Answer 19

IM ceftriaxone + azithromycin

Question 20

Tx for chlamydia

Answer 20

Doxycycline x7 days

Question 21

Tx for syphylis

Answer 21

IM Benzylpenicillin

Question 22

Moa of beta lactams and name some examples

Answer 22

Interfere with the assembly of the cell wall peptidoglycan by inhibiting the trasnpeptidase enzymes — weakling cell wall synthesis — therefore rupture of the microorganism

Penicillin, carbapenams, monobactams and ceplasporins

Question 23

Give 2 examples of glypopeptide antibiotics

Answer 23

Vancomycin

Teicoplanin

Question 24

Moa of aminoglycosides and examples

Answer 24

Inhibit protein synthesis via 30s ribosome inhibition

Gentamicin, streptomycin

Question 25

Moa of tetracyclines and examples

Answer 25

Inhibit -rote in synthesis via 30s ribosome Tetracycline, doxycycline Se- yellow teeth

Question 26

Moa of macrolides and examples

Answer 26

Inhibit protein synthesis via 50s ribosomes Azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin

Question 27

Moa of clindamycin

Answer 27

Inhibit protein synthesis via 50s ribosome

Question 28

What antibiotic classes inhibit protein synthesis via 50s ribosomes

Answer 28

Macrolides Clindamycin Linezolids Chloramphenicol

Question 29

What is the moa of quinolones and name example

Answer 29

Inhibit DNA gyrase (nucleic acid synthesis and function) E.g. ciprofloxacin

Question 30

Moa of trimethoprim

Answer 30

Inhibits folate acid synthesis

Question 31

Moa of metronidiazole

Answer 31

Dysregulates dna synthesis

Question 32

Moa of rifampicin

Answer 32

Inhibits RNA polymerase

Question 33

List the 6 stages of viral replication

Answer 33

``` Attachment Cell entry Interaction with host cell Replication Assembly Release ```

Question 34

List the 5 ways in which viruses can cause disease

Answer 34

1- damage by direct destruction of host cell 2- damage by modification of host cell structure or function 3- damage involving over reactivity of the host as a response to infection 4- damage through cell proliferation and cell immortalisation 5- evasion of both extracellular and intracellular host defences

Question 35

List the 3 groups of worms

Answer 35

Nematodes Trematoda Cestodes

Question 36

List the 5 classifications of Protozoa

Answer 36

``` Flagellates Amoebae Microspordia Sporozoa Cilliates ```

Question 37

How do bacteria resist antibiotics

Answer 37

Target site mutations Destruction of antibiotics Prevention of antibiotic entry Remove antibiotic from bacteria (efflux pumps)

Question 38

Name 3 step process of horizontal gene transfer

Answer 38

Conjugation Transduction Transformation

Question 39

What can MRSA resist beta lactams

Answer 39

Because MRSA carries a gene called mecA which is a unique trnaspeptidase that is not inhibited by beta lactams antibiotics thus can resist

Question 40

What abx are used to treat ESBLs

Answer 40

Cephalosporins or carbapenams

Question 41

What agar is used to grow campylobacter

Answer 41

CCDA

Question 42

Most common sites for cellulitis to occur

Answer 42

Legs Arms Face

Question 43

Causative organisms of cellulitis

Answer 43

Step pyogenes and staph aureus

Question 44

Risk factors for cellulitis

Answer 44

``` Skin wounds Diabetes Bites Elderly Immunocompromised ```

Question 45

Treatment of cellulitis

Answer 45

Elevate and mobilise limb Washout wound Iv flucloxacillin or clindamycin