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Phase 2A (HV) > Miscellaneous- Microbio > Flashcards

Miscellaneous- Microbio Flashcards

1
Q

What test distinguishes between staph and strep

A

Catalase test

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2
Q

What test distinguishes between staph aureus and other staphylococcus species

A

Coagulase test

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3
Q

What nutrient agar is used to grow mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

Lowenstein-Jensen

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4
Q

Name a beta haemolytic group a organism

A

Strep pyogenes

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5
Q

Name a gram positive diplococci

A

Strep pneumo

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6
Q

Name the agar that is used to culture fungi

A

Sabourauds

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7
Q

What does XLD agar do

A

Differentiates between shigella (red) and salmonella (red w/ black dots)

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8
Q

What is the function of CLED agar

A

Used for microorganism in urine (gram -ve bacilli)
Lactose fermenters — yellow
Non-lactose fermenter— blue

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9
Q

Name the results found on MaConkeys agar

A

Lactose fermenter- pink

Non-lactose fermenter- colourless

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10
Q

What is the immediate primary care tx given to a child suspected with menigicoccal septicaemia

A

IM benzylpenicillin

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11
Q

Name a strict gram +ve anaerobe

A

C-diff

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12
Q

Name 2 gram negative diplococci species

A

N. Meningitides

N. Gonorrhoea

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13
Q

Name a oxidase +ve gram negative bacilli

A

Pseudomonas and haemophilius influenzae

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14
Q

Name an oxidase negative gram -ve bacilli which is
A- lactose fermenting
B- non-lactose fermenting

A

A- Ecoli, Klebsiella pneumonia

B- proteus, shigella, salmonella and salmonella typhi

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15
Q

What antibiotic class is used in penicillin allergic patients

A

Macrolides

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16
Q

Name the virulence factors associated with staph.aureus

A

Pore forming toxins- alpha haemolysin and PVL
Proteases- exfoliatin
Toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST)
Protein A

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17
Q

Treatment for c-diff

A

Oral vancomycin +/- metronidiazole/fidoxmicin

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18
Q

Treatment for H.Influenzae

A

Doxycycline or Coamoxiclav

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19
Q

Tx for gonorrhoea

A

IM ceftriaxone + azithromycin

20
Q

Tx for chlamydia

A

Doxycycline x7 days

21
Q

Tx for syphylis

A

IM Benzylpenicillin

22
Q

Moa of beta lactams and name some examples

A

Interfere with the assembly of the cell wall peptidoglycan by inhibiting the trasnpeptidase enzymes — weakling cell wall synthesis — therefore rupture of the microorganism

Penicillin, carbapenams, monobactams and ceplasporins

23
Q

Give 2 examples of glypopeptide antibiotics

A

Vancomycin

Teicoplanin

24
Q

Moa of aminoglycosides and examples

A

Inhibit protein synthesis via 30s ribosome inhibition

Gentamicin, streptomycin

25
Q

Moa of tetracyclines and examples

A

Inhibit -rote in synthesis via 30s ribosome

Tetracycline, doxycycline

Se- yellow teeth

26
Q

Moa of macrolides and examples

A

Inhibit protein synthesis via 50s ribosomes

Azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin

27
Q

Moa of clindamycin

A

Inhibit protein synthesis via 50s ribosome

28
Q

What antibiotic classes inhibit protein synthesis via 50s ribosomes

A

Macrolides
Clindamycin
Linezolids
Chloramphenicol

29
Q

What is the moa of quinolones and name example

A

Inhibit DNA gyrase (nucleic acid synthesis and function)

E.g. ciprofloxacin

30
Q

Moa of trimethoprim

A

Inhibits folate acid synthesis

31
Q

Moa of metronidiazole

A

Dysregulates dna synthesis

32
Q

Moa of rifampicin

A

Inhibits RNA polymerase

33
Q

List the 6 stages of viral replication

A 
Attachment 
Cell entry
Interaction with host cell
Replication 
Assembly 
Release
34
Q

List the 5 ways in which viruses can cause disease

A

1- damage by direct destruction of host cell

2- damage by modification of host cell structure or function

3- damage involving over reactivity of the host as a response to infection

4- damage through cell proliferation and cell immortalisation

5- evasion of both extracellular and intracellular host defences

35
Q

List the 3 groups of worms

A

Nematodes
Trematoda
Cestodes

36
Q

List the 5 classifications of Protozoa

A 
Flagellates
Amoebae
Microspordia 
Sporozoa
Cilliates
37
Q

How do bacteria resist antibiotics

A

Target site mutations
Destruction of antibiotics
Prevention of antibiotic entry
Remove antibiotic from bacteria (efflux pumps)

38
Q

Name 3 step process of horizontal gene transfer

A

Conjugation
Transduction
Transformation

39
Q

What can MRSA resist beta lactams

A

Because MRSA carries a gene called mecA which is a unique trnaspeptidase that is not inhibited by beta lactams antibiotics thus can resist

40
Q

What abx are used to treat ESBLs

A

Cephalosporins or carbapenams

41
Q

What agar is used to grow campylobacter

A

CCDA

42
Q

Most common sites for cellulitis to occur

A

Legs
Arms
Face

43
Q

Causative organisms of cellulitis

A

Step pyogenes and staph aureus

44
Q

Risk factors for cellulitis

A 
Skin wounds
Diabetes
Bites
Elderly
Immunocompromised
45
Q

Treatment of cellulitis

A

Elevate and mobilise limb
Washout wound
Iv flucloxacillin or clindamycin

Phase 2A (HV) (13 decks)

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