Miscellaneous- Microbio Flashcards
What test distinguishes between staph and strep
Catalase test
What test distinguishes between staph aureus and other staphylococcus species
Coagulase test
What nutrient agar is used to grow mycobacterium tuberculosis
Lowenstein-Jensen
Name a beta haemolytic group a organism
Strep pyogenes
Name a gram positive diplococci
Strep pneumo
Name the agar that is used to culture fungi
Sabourauds
What does XLD agar do
Differentiates between shigella (red) and salmonella (red w/ black dots)
What is the function of CLED agar
Used for microorganism in urine (gram -ve bacilli)
Lactose fermenters — yellow
Non-lactose fermenter— blue
Name the results found on MaConkeys agar
Lactose fermenter- pink
Non-lactose fermenter- colourless
What is the immediate primary care tx given to a child suspected with menigicoccal septicaemia
IM benzylpenicillin
Name a strict gram +ve anaerobe
C-diff
Name 2 gram negative diplococci species
N. Meningitides
N. Gonorrhoea
Name a oxidase +ve gram negative bacilli
Pseudomonas and haemophilius influenzae
Name an oxidase negative gram -ve bacilli which is
A- lactose fermenting
B- non-lactose fermenting
A- Ecoli, Klebsiella pneumonia
B- proteus, shigella, salmonella and salmonella typhi
What antibiotic class is used in penicillin allergic patients
Macrolides
Name the virulence factors associated with staph.aureus
Pore forming toxins- alpha haemolysin and PVL
Proteases- exfoliatin
Toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST)
Protein A
Treatment for c-diff
Oral vancomycin +/- metronidiazole/fidoxmicin
Treatment for H.Influenzae
Doxycycline or Coamoxiclav
Tx for gonorrhoea
IM ceftriaxone + azithromycin
Tx for chlamydia
Doxycycline x7 days
Tx for syphylis
IM Benzylpenicillin
Moa of beta lactams and name some examples
Interfere with the assembly of the cell wall peptidoglycan by inhibiting the trasnpeptidase enzymes — weakling cell wall synthesis — therefore rupture of the microorganism
Penicillin, carbapenams, monobactams and ceplasporins
Give 2 examples of glypopeptide antibiotics
Vancomycin
Teicoplanin
Moa of aminoglycosides and examples
Inhibit protein synthesis via 30s ribosome inhibition
Gentamicin, streptomycin
Moa of tetracyclines and examples
Inhibit -rote in synthesis via 30s ribosome
Tetracycline, doxycycline
Se- yellow teeth
Moa of macrolides and examples
Inhibit protein synthesis via 50s ribosomes
Azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin
Moa of clindamycin
Inhibit protein synthesis via 50s ribosome
What antibiotic classes inhibit protein synthesis via 50s ribosomes
Macrolides
Clindamycin
Linezolids
Chloramphenicol
What is the moa of quinolones and name example
Inhibit DNA gyrase (nucleic acid synthesis and function)
E.g. ciprofloxacin
Moa of trimethoprim
Inhibits folate acid synthesis
Moa of metronidiazole
Dysregulates dna synthesis
Moa of rifampicin
Inhibits RNA polymerase
List the 6 stages of viral replication
Attachment Cell entry Interaction with host cell Replication Assembly Release
List the 5 ways in which viruses can cause disease
1- damage by direct destruction of host cell
2- damage by modification of host cell structure or function
3- damage involving over reactivity of the host as a response to infection
4- damage through cell proliferation and cell immortalisation
5- evasion of both extracellular and intracellular host defences
List the 3 groups of worms
Nematodes
Trematoda
Cestodes
List the 5 classifications of Protozoa
Flagellates Amoebae Microspordia Sporozoa Cilliates
How do bacteria resist antibiotics
Target site mutations
Destruction of antibiotics
Prevention of antibiotic entry
Remove antibiotic from bacteria (efflux pumps)
Name 3 step process of horizontal gene transfer
Conjugation
Transduction
Transformation
What can MRSA resist beta lactams
Because MRSA carries a gene called mecA which is a unique trnaspeptidase that is not inhibited by beta lactams antibiotics thus can resist
What abx are used to treat ESBLs
Cephalosporins or carbapenams
What agar is used to grow campylobacter
CCDA
Most common sites for cellulitis to occur
Legs
Arms
Face
Causative organisms of cellulitis
Step pyogenes and staph aureus
Risk factors for cellulitis
Skin wounds Diabetes Bites Elderly Immunocompromised
Treatment of cellulitis
Elevate and mobilise limb
Washout wound
Iv flucloxacillin or clindamycin
