Miscellaneous Hernias Flashcards

1
Q

how can hernias be described

A

reducible
irreducible (incarcerated)
strangulated (if there is compromise to the vascular supply of the hernia contents)

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2
Q

def of amyand’s hernia

A

appendix is incarcerated as an inguinal hernia

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3
Q

def of epigastric hernia

A

herniation of the midline, through the linea alba, between the umbilbicus + xiphisternum

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4
Q

def of gluteal hernia

A

hernia through greater sciatic foramen

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5
Q

def of incisional hernia

A

hernia that occurs at site of previous surgical incision

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6
Q

def of pantaloon hernia

A

simultaenous direct + indirect inguinal hernia

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7
Q

def of sciatic hernia

A

hernia through less sciatic foramen

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8
Q

def of sliding hernia

A

where organ (bladder/colon) forms part of the hernial sac

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9
Q

aetiology

A

1 congenital/acquired weakness in the abdominal wall
AND/OR
2 increased intra-abdominal pressure (coughing/straining)

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10
Q

epi

A

incisional + epigastric hernias are relatively common

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11
Q

history

A

1 may be asymptomatic

2 swelling which is painful or increasing in size

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12
Q

history of a strangulated hernia

A

tender, red, swollen

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13
Q

history of an obstructive hernia

A

intially colicky abdominal pain
nausea + vomiting
constipation

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14
Q

examination

A

1 swelling which increases in size with coughing or straining
2 often non-tender
3 tender + irreducible if incarcerated or strangulated

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15
Q

investigations

A

1 may be diagnosed on clinical examination

2 USS/CT scan if in doubt

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16
Q

management

A

1 conservative
-asymptomatic hernias with a large neck may require no treatment
2 surgical
-for umbilical hernias >2yrs
-for symptomatic, narrow necked, or irreducible hernias

17
Q

when is emergency surgery indicated in hernias

A

in hernias with strangulation

18
Q

complications

A

bowel obstruction

strangulation of hernia contents

19
Q

prognosis

A

most umbilical hernias regress <2yrs

other hernias usually do not regress and may progressively enlarge