*Miscellaneous Grammar

Question 1

What are the five uses of the imperfect?

Answer 1

1. Progressive: describes ongoing action in the past
2. Customary/habitual: describes a regularly occurring action in the past
3. Iterative: describes a repeated action in the past
4. Conative: describes an attempted action in the past (attempted but not completed)
5. Inceptive: describes the beginning of an action

Question 2

α + ε =

Answer 2

α

Question 3

α + η =

Answer 3

α

Question 4

α + ο =

Answer 4

ω

Question 5

α + ω =

Answer 5

ω

Question 6

α + ι =

Answer 6

ᾳ

Question 7

time word + accusative case means

Answer 7

duration ‘how long’

Question 8

time word + genitive case means

Answer 8

time ‘during’

Question 9

time word + dative case means

Answer 9

time ‘at which’

Question 10

How do you tell between the three meanings of αὐτοϛ?

Answer 10

stands by itself = the pronoun
between the article and the noun = adjective meaning ‘same’
before the article and noun = emphatic reflexive

Question 11

Protasis: Εἄν + subjunctive
Apodosis: future indicative

Answer 11

Future More Probable (or ‘Vivid’) conditions:

a definite statement about some future event that will occur if the protasis should occur

Question 12

Protasis: ὃς ἄν (ὅταν, ὅστις ἄν…) + subjunctive
Apodosis: future ΟR present indicative

Answer 12

Indefinite clauses
(whoever, whatever, whenever: these form part of a Present General or Future More Probable Condition, when the relative pronoun + ἄν introduces the protasis)

Question 13

Protasis: Εἄν + subjunctive
Apodosis: present indicative

Answer 13

Present General Conditions:

state some general fact [one which is always true] in present time

Question 14

comparative markers

Answer 14

-τεροϛ, α, ον
or
-ιων, ιον

Question 15

superlative markers

Answer 15

-τατοϛ, η, ον
or
-ιστοϛ, η, ον

Question 16

what is special about neuter plural agreement?

Answer 16

it triggers singular agreement

Question 17

what meaning does the genitive article + infinitive carry?

Answer 17

purpose

Question 18

subjunctive on its own in 1st person

Answer 18

hortatory subjunctive (meaning “let us _____”)

Question 19

how to form the present active subjunctive

Answer 19

Present stem + lengthened connecting vowel + primary personal ending (ω, ῃς, ῃ, ωμεν, ητε, ωσι)

Question 20

how to form the first aorist active subjunctive

Answer 20

Present stem (NO augment) + aorist tense formative (σ) + lengthened vowel and primary endings

Question 21

how to form a second aorist active subjunctive

Answer 21

2nd aorist stem (NO augment) + lengthened vowel and primary endings

Question 22

how to form the present active subjunctive for -μι verbs

Answer 22

Present stem + lengthened connecting vowel (which replaces the stem vowel) and regular (not μι-verb) primary personal endings

Question 23

how to form the aorist active subjunctive for -μι verbs

Answer 23

Aorist stem (θη/θε, στη/στα, δεικ) + lengthened connecting vowel (which replaces the aorist stem vowel) and regular primary personal endings

Question 24

which -μι verb has an irregular subjunctive?

Answer 24

δίδωμι

Question 25

what’s the difference between the present and aorist subjunctive of -μι verbs?

Answer 25

the reduplication is missing in the aorist

Question 26

What are the two ways to write a “than” clause in Greek?

Answer 26

With ἤ: πονηρότερος ἤ αὐτός

With genitive case: πονηρότερος τοῦ ἐμοῦ

Question 27

Some masculine words use the feminine ending for all forms except one. Which one?

Answer 27

The genitive singular