*Miscellaneous Grammar Flashcards
What are the five uses of the imperfect?
- Progressive: describes ongoing action in the past
- Customary/habitual: describes a regularly occurring action in the past
- Iterative: describes a repeated action in the past
- Conative: describes an attempted action in the past (attempted but not completed)
- Inceptive: describes the beginning of an action
α + ε =
α
α + η =
α
α + ο =
ω
α + ω =
ω
α + ι =
ᾳ
time word + accusative case means
duration ‘how long’
time word + genitive case means
time ‘during’
time word + dative case means
time ‘at which’
How do you tell between the three meanings of αὐτοϛ?
stands by itself = the pronoun
between the article and the noun = adjective meaning ‘same’
before the article and noun = emphatic reflexive
Protasis: Εἄν + subjunctive
Apodosis: future indicative
Future More Probable (or ‘Vivid’) conditions:
a definite statement about some future event that will occur if the protasis should occur
Protasis: ὃς ἄν (ὅταν, ὅστις ἄν…) + subjunctive
Apodosis: future ΟR present indicative
Indefinite clauses (whoever, whatever, whenever: these form part of a Present General or Future More Probable Condition, when the relative pronoun + ἄν introduces the protasis)
Protasis: Εἄν + subjunctive
Apodosis: present indicative
Present General Conditions:
state some general fact [one which is always true] in present time
comparative markers
-τεροϛ, α, ον
or
-ιων, ιον
superlative markers
-τατοϛ, η, ον
or
-ιστοϛ, η, ον
what is special about neuter plural agreement?
it triggers singular agreement
what meaning does the genitive article + infinitive carry?
purpose
subjunctive on its own in 1st person
hortatory subjunctive (meaning “let us _____”)
how to form the present active subjunctive
Present stem + lengthened connecting vowel + primary personal ending (ω, ῃς, ῃ, ωμεν, ητε, ωσι)
how to form the first aorist active subjunctive
Present stem (NO augment) + aorist tense formative (σ) + lengthened vowel and primary endings
how to form a second aorist active subjunctive
2nd aorist stem (NO augment) + lengthened vowel and primary endings
how to form the present active subjunctive for -μι verbs
Present stem + lengthened connecting vowel (which replaces the stem vowel) and regular (not μι-verb) primary personal endings
how to form the aorist active subjunctive for -μι verbs
Aorist stem (θη/θε, στη/στα, δεικ) + lengthened connecting vowel (which replaces the aorist stem vowel) and regular primary personal endings
which -μι verb has an irregular subjunctive?
δίδωμι
what’s the difference between the present and aorist subjunctive of -μι verbs?
the reduplication is missing in the aorist
What are the two ways to write a “than” clause in Greek?
With ἤ: πονηρότερος ἤ αὐτός
With genitive case: πονηρότερος τοῦ ἐμοῦ
Some masculine words use the feminine ending for all forms except one. Which one?
The genitive singular
